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Emergency Medicine > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Gold standard test for tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterial culture of sputum

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2
Q

Side effects of TB drugs

A

Rifampin : turns body fluids orange
Ethambutol : optic neuritis
INH : peripheral neuropathy and hepatitis

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3
Q

Treatment of active TB

A

RIPE x 4 months
than
RI x 2 months

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4
Q

Early antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis can prevent rheumatic fever but not …

A

Glomerulonephritis

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5
Q

The centor criteria for identifying streptococcal pharyngitis are fever, … , tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and lack of cough ( 3 of 4 are required )

A

Tonsillar exudate

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6
Q

Lemierre’s syndrome

A

Thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein ( due to Fusobacterium )

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7
Q

In patients with hematologic malignancy or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, with chronic sinusitis; … should be considered

A

Mucormycosis

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8
Q

Potential complications of sinusitis include meningitis, frontal bone osteomyelitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and …

A

Abcess formation

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9
Q

Although other medications may be used, … is the frequently tested prophylaxis of choice for close contact of patients with meningococcal meningitis

A

Rifampin

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10
Q

The presence of RBCs in CSF without a history of trauma is highly suggestive of ….

… should be started ASAP if the diagnosis is suspected

A

HSV encephalitis

IV acyclovir

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11
Q

HSV and … are the most common causes of encephalitis

A

Arboviruses

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12
Q

The classic clinical triad of headache, …, and a … is present in 50% of cases of brain abcess

A

Fever, focal neurologic deficit

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13
Q

Medical treatment for brain abcess

A

3rd generation cephalosporin + metronidazole +/- vancomycin. Give IV therapy for 6 - 8 weeks

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14
Q

Relationship from CD4 count to development of opportunistic infections. < 200 < 50

A

< 200 : pneumocystis , toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, coccidiodomycosis, cryptosporidiosis

< 50 : disseminated MAC infection , histoplasmosis, CMV retinitis, CNS lymphoma

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15
Q

If a pregnant HIV-(+) patient is not on antiretroviral therapy at the time of delivery, she should be treated with … intrapartum. Infants should receive AZT for … weeks after birth.

A

Zidovudine (AZT)

6

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16
Q

… is the only live vaccine that should be given to HIV patient

A

MMR

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17
Q

The major pathogens concernig complete T - cell collapse

A 
Toxoplasma gondii
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Tuberculosis
CMV
Cryptosporidium parvum
18
Q

Treat CMV infection with

A

Gancyclovir

19
Q

Ring enhancing lesions in patients with AIDS should prompt consideration of … and CNS lymphoma

A

Toxoplasmosis

20
Q

Chlamydia species cause arthritis,neonatal conjunctivitis, pneumonia, non gonococcal urethritis/PID and …

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

21
Q

Treatment of chlamydia infections

A

Dox x7days or azithromycin once

Use azithromycin or amoxicillin in pregnant women

22
Q

Reiter’s syndrome

A

Conjunctivitis, arthritis, urethritis

23
Q

… is the gold standard for any site of the gonococcal infection

A

Gram stain and culture

24
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone IM or cefixime PO
Also treat for presumptive chlamydia coinfection
Fluoroquinolones should not be used because of emerging resistance

25
Q

Stages of syphillis infection

A

1 : painless ulcer (chancre) ( 10 - 90 days after infection )

2 : maculopapular rash on the soles and palms, condylomata lata. ( 4 - 8 weeks after chancre)

3 : granulomatous gummas , neurosyphillis ( tabes dorsalis, meningitis, Argyll Robertson pupil)

26
Q

VDRL false (+) are seen with

A

Viruses (mononucleiosis, HIV, HSV, hepatitis)
Drugs / IV drug use
Rheumatic fever/ Rhumatoid arthritis
SLE / Leprosis

27
Q

Neurosyphillis should be suspected and ruled out in patients with …

A

AIDS, neurologics symptoms and a (+) RPR

28
Q

Treatment of syphillis

A

1-2: Benzathine Penicillin IM x 1 day
(Tetracycline or doxyxycline x 14 days PO if penicillin allergy)

Latent infection : benzathine penicillin ( 1 dose for early latent, 3 doses for late latent)

Neurosyphillis : penicillin IV 10 - 14 days

29
Q

Common UTI bugs

SEEKS PP

A 
Serratia
E coli
Enterobacter
Klebsiella pneumoniae
S saprophyticus
Pseudomonas 
Proteus mirabilis
30
Q

Urosepsis should be considered in any … patient with altered mental status

A

Elderly

31
Q

… is the most common serious medical complication of pregnancy

A

Pyelonephritis

32
Q

Quid: Sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock

A

Sepsis : SIRS + documented infection
Severe sepsis : sepsis with end-organ dysfunction due to poor perfusion
Septic shock : sepsis + hypotension and organ dysfunction from vasodilatation

33
Q

A … should be performed in children < 12 months old after their first febrile seizure

A

Lumbar puncture

34
Q

Classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis infection

A

Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

35
Q

The most widely accepted treatment of infected neonates with toxoplasmosis is …

A

Pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine and leucovorin

36
Q

Up to 17 % of patients taking fluoroquinolones experience some degree of …

A

Gastrointestinal upset

37
Q

… is the most common cause of neonatal meningitis

A

GBS

38
Q

Physical examination of children with Streptococcus viridans infection is notable for …

A

Petechias, splinter hemorrhages, Osler nodes, Janeway lesions and Roth spots

39
Q

Measles is characterized by a … prodrome of low grade to moderate fever. The 3 “Cs”

A

3-day
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis

Koplik’s spots

40
Q

Beginning of the lesions in roseola vs in the measles vs varicella

A

Roseola : rash starts on the trunk and then spreads to the face and extremities

Measles : blanching, maculopapular rash that begins on the head and then descends over the rest of the body like rubella

Varicella : rash begins on the scalp, face or trunk and spreads to peripherally

41
Q

Doxyxycline ( as other tetracyclines ) should be avoided in children < 8 years old because of the risk that … may occur

A

Permanent tooth discoloration

Emergency Medicine (2 decks)

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