Infectious Disease Flashcards
Signs and Symptoms: pain during urination or intercourse abnormal discharge bleeding between menstrual periods chronic abdominal pains.
Transmission:
contact with infected tissue (intercourse, birth)
Reservoir
Humans
Most Prevalent
United States
Gonorrhea
Signs and Symptoms: muscle weakness, stuffy nose, skin lessions, nose bleeds, eye problems which lead to blindness
Transmission: spread person to person by nasal droplets
Reservoir- humans, monkeys, armadillos
Most Prevalent- Brazil, indonesia, india, nigeria
Leprosy
Signs and Symptoms: Fever Rash Joint/Muscle pain Red eyes Headache
Transmission:
Through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito.
Through infected blood transfusion
Through sexual activity
From mother to child (passed to fetus during pregnancy) - rare
Organ Transplantations
Laboratory Exposure
Reservoir
Humans
Most Prevalent
North and South America
Zika
Signs and Symptoms: Nasal discharge Swelling of the sinus membrane Sneezing Cough Headache Sore throat
Transmission:
if you walk through a certain space of air where someone who has a cold sneezed or coughed in, and then you walk through the same air and catch it from the air.
if there a germs from a sneeze or cough on a surface of someone who has a cold, the next person that touches that same space may get a cold.
Reservoir
Humans
Most Prevalent
in cities or areas that are densely populated.
places that are colder than others
Common Cold
Signs and Symptoms: Pain or scratchiness in throat Painful swallowing or talking Muffled voice Bad Breath Sore/ swollen glands or neck
Transmission: Person to Person contact Through mouth Wounds Scratches Nose Eyes
Reservoir Humans Throat Nasopharynx Skin
Most Prevalent Temperate areas that aren't too cold or too hot U.S Japan Europe
Sore Throat
Signs and Symptoms:
Key symptoms are diarrhea and dehydration. Rarely, shock and seizures may occur in severe cases.
Transmission:
Through contaminated water, contaminated feces, and rarely infected raw fish.
Reservoir
Shellfish
Most Prevalent-
(less developed areas) like Latin America and Africa
Cholera
Signs and Symptoms: Gastroenteritis Diarrhoea (sometimes bloody) Vomiting Fever Abdominal pain
Transmission:
Eating infected food caused by fecal matter contamination
Reservoir
Humans
Most Prevalent: United States, but also in few other countries
E.Coli
Signs and Symptoms: Isolated erythema migrans (Rash near bite) Fever 1-30 days Itching Burning Flu-like symptoms Bulls eye rash
Transmission: Tick Bite( deer tick)
Reservoir
Every organ in the body
Most Prevalent All seasons(in grassy, or wooded areas)
Lyme disease
Signs and Symptoms:
Pain in the chest
Pain can occur while breathing
Cough can be chronic or with blood
Whole body: chills, fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, malaise, night sweats, or sweating
Also common: loss of muscle, phlegm, severe unintentional weight loss, shortness of breath, or swollen lymph nodes
Transmission:
Its an airborne disease spread by respiratory droplets from coughing or Sneezing.
Reservoir
humans(old and young kids most common)
Most Prevalent
it’s very rarely found but its most prevalent in the United States
Tubercolosis
Signs and Symptoms: Fever Sore throat without coughing and sneezing White and yellow patches Chills
Transmission:
Catch it from person to person through nasal droplets or saliva. It can come into your skin by wounds, mouth, nose, eyes, and scraps.
Reservoir
Throat
Skin
Most Prevalent
This disease is most prevalent during the fall, winter, and spring because that is the time kids go to school and daycare. Strep throat is most prevalent in the northern part of the U.S, however you can still find it worldwide.
Strep A
Signs and Symptoms: Fever Headache Muscle aches Jaundice Vomiting Coma Nausea kidney/ liver failure Transmission: Mosquitos
Reservoir
Monkeys
Mosquitos
Most Prevalent
Tropics of Africa and south/central america
Yellow Fever
Signs and Symptoms: fever headache excess salivation muscle spasms paralysis mental confusion.
Transmission:
Bite and virus-containing saliva of an infected host
Reservoir
Terrestrial, wild animals.
Most Prevalent
Most prevalent in Asia and Africa
Rabies
Signs and Symptoms: fever headache body aches skin rash
Transmission:
mosquito bites
Reservoir
old world bird species
Most Prevalent
most prevalent in US
West Nile
Signs and Symptoms: Fever Headache Coughing Vomiting Chest Pain Abdominal Pain Muscle Aches Rash appears 48-72 hours after intimate symptom.
Transmission:
Direct contact with bodily fluids.
Contact with contaminated objects.
Direct contact from person to person
Reservoir
Humans
Most Prevalent
Currently eradicated
Small Pox
Signs And Symptoms: chills, dehydration, fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, malaise, or sweating, coughing blood
Transmission-Body Fluids, Fruit Bats
Reservoir Humans
Most Prevalent:Everyone
Ebola
Signs and Symptoms:
enlarged lymph nodes, chills, headache, fever, and weakness
Transmission:
fleas that feed on infected animals, typically wild rodents
Reservoir
Rat fleas
Most Prevalent
Europe
Black Death
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, and fatigue
Transmission:
transmitted by inhaling infected air
Reservoir
wild waterfowl
Most Prevalent
Globally
Spanish Flu
Signs and Symptoms: Nausea Vomiting Abdominal cramps Diarrhea Fever Chills Headache Blood in the stool
Transmission:
eating raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs or egg products
faecal–oral route
Reservoir:
animals such as chickens, pigs, turkeys, and cows are the most common reservoirs
Most Prevalent:
Worldwide
Salmonella
Signs and Symptoms:
sores and blisters at the affected site.
Transmission:
kissing, or direct skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has an active infection
Reservoir
Humans and animals
Most Prevalent:
Worldwide
Herpes
Signs and Symptoms:
-Itchiness, Fatigue, Blistering Rashes on neck, shoulders, backs of knees/elbows and torso
Transmission:
-Human to human contact by any means
Reservoir:
-Humans
Most Prevalent:
-People over the age of sixty, primarily women
Shingles
