Infectious disease

Question 1

Influenza main sx

not typical sx are?

Answer 1

• Fever, myalgia, fatigue, headache –> SORE THROAT, nasal discharge, cough
• Nausea and vomitting- NO
• Fatigue/Weakness can last for weeks

Question 2

People think this might spread the flu, but probably not…

Answer 2

contaminated surfaces. Large droplets are necessary and they don’t stay floating much so really CLOSE contact with spit.

Question 3

Spanish Flu- unique features

Answer 3

bacterial pneumonia= most common cause of death

presented as cyanosis

ASA used in large amounts–> metabolic acidosis

Question 4

Bird Flu- uniquenesses

Answer 4

• Children/young adults
• 60% mortality rate
• diarrhea, neuro sx
• person–> person transmission is low

Question 5

Avian flu

Answer 5

• =H7N9
• mostly old people
• no person-person transmission
• sever respiratory illness

Question 6

H3N2

Answer 6

Pigs, in Indiana

mild disease, more common in young children

Question 7

People dying from the flu?

Answer 7

Mild year= 3000 deaths- old people

Bad year= 45,000 deaths, young adults and kids

Question 8

Diagnosing the flu:

Answer 8

• Rapid antigen- moderate senstivitiy
• Gold standard- viral cultuture
• RT-PCR is BEST: sensitive and fast, but expensive

Usually docs go by symptoms

Question 9

Influenza treatment

Answer 9

Resistance to amantadine and rimantidine

NA inhibitors= MIVIR, must use by 48 hrs of onset. Reduce sx by 1-2 days

Question 10

Oseltamivir

Zanamivir

Answer 10

MIVIR= neuroaminidase inhibitor, prevents viral spreading to new cells

Ostltamivir= oral

Zanamivir= oral inhalation

Question 11

Influenza vaccine-

1. how do we determine what strains?
2. Contains?
3. if allergic to ____

Answer 11

1. Asia/Australia flu
2. HA and N antigens= split vaccine; egg yolk, formaldehyde to inactivate virus. Quadrivalent and trivalent options
3. cell culture based vaccine for people allergic to EGGS

Question 12

Diarrhea- definition

Answer 12

20-30 BM/day

up to 20L stool

Either from malabsorption or increased secretion

Question 13

Acute vs chronic vs persistent

Answer 13

Acute= <14 days

Chronic= >30

Persistent 14-30 days

Question 14

Acute Diarrhea in developed countries

Answer 14

Viral>>>>>bacterial (blood, pus, fever, abd pain)> protozoa

Question 15

Chronic Diarrhea causes

1. Invasive
2. inflammatory
3. osmotic
4. hypermotility
5. malabsorption
6. maldigestion

Answer 15

1. Invasive= C dif
2. Inflammatory- UC, crohns,
3. Osmotic= laxatives
4. Hypermotility-IBS, improve with fasting
5. malabsorption- fatty, smelly, osmotive= giardia, celialc
6. Maldigestion- meat fibers- pacreatitis, cystic fibrosis

Question 16

Small bowel dysentery

Large bowel dysentery

Answer 16

• Small bowel= large volume, watery: Salmonella, EHEC
• Large bowel= smaller volume: campylobacter, shigella, entameaba

Question 17

1. Cruise ship/schools/nursing homes
2. MSM, shellfish, food workers
3. travel, surface water
4. Antibiotics

Answer 17

1. = noro
2. =Hep A
3. Giardia
4. C dif