Infectious Disease

Question 1

Typhoid fever

Answer 1

pathogen: salmonella typhi (INTRAcellular)
invasion of macrophages/monocytes
invasion of bowel, ulceration, disseminated&raquo_space; osteomyelitis
MONONUCLEAR infection within monocytes/lympocytes of peyer’s patches
rose spots

Question 2

Tuberculosis causes what kind of inflammation?

Answer 2

granulomatous inflammation w/caseation necrosis

Question 3

a granuloma is characterized by

Answer 3

a giant cell in the center of a nodule of epithoidal cells, surrounded by a ring of lymphocytes

Question 4

Schistosome infection is associated with:

Answer 4

IL-13 and IL-4 activation of macrophages&raquo_space; collagen.
Granulomas around eggs in liver
Pipestem fibrosis of liver (normal liver function but vein destroyed&raquo_space; back pressure&raquo_space; ascites and varicoses

Question 5

pathogens that cause necrotizing inflammation:

Answer 5

amoebas, C. Dif,

Question 6

Cryptococcus

Answer 6

yeast infection; polysaccharide capsular, little antigen = little inflammation. Phagocytosed by macrophages. pigeon stool reservoir. causes chronic meningitis, respiratory infection

Question 7

Malaria:

Answer 7

binds and invades RBCs via integrin and thrombospondin receptors. Clogs vessels in organs (esp spleen, liver)&raquo_space; enlargement.

Question 8

What are the four main examples of suppurative inflammation?

Answer 8

pyelonephritis; acute bacterial pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumoniae; infective endocarditis (typically caused by staph); abdominal abcess (caused by appendicitis, gastric ulcer, etc)

Question 9

Pyelonephritis:

Answer 9

typically caused by bowel bacteria ascending urinary tract (infected). often anatomical abnormalities w/UT associated. inflammation in interstitium around collecting system.

Question 10

Mononuclear inflammation is demonstrated by:

Answer 10

typhoid fever.

Question 11

Describe the process of tuberculosis infection, on a cellular level;

Answer 11

acid-fast mycobacteria invade of macrophages via receptors, prevents fusion of lysososome and phagosome to survive. Induces inflammatory reaction, INF-y and TNF-a. INF-y induces macrophages to differentiate into epitheloid histiocytes, fuse&raquo_space; giant cell. Miliary granulomas form( look like millet seed).

Question 12

Acute suppurative inflammation can lead to a fourth type of inflammatory process:

Answer 12

pleural empyema & abcess (chronic inflammation)

Question 13

Granuloma formed by schistosome infection differs from granuloma caused by tuberculosis because:

Answer 13

1. schistosome&raquo_space; eosinophils & histiocytes instead of lymphocytes.
2. extensive collagen deposition by IL-4 and IL-13 (char of helminth infection)

Question 14

characteristic sign of CMV infection

Answer 14

owl’s eye inclusion bodies