Infectious Disease

Question 1

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 1

Illness caused by specific infectious agent or its toxic product that results from transmission from an infected person or animal directly or indirectly

Question 2

What are factors that affect the immune system?

Answer 2

Pregnancy

Age

Malignancy

Malnutrition

Immunosuppressive disease and treatment

Stress

Age

Obesity

Lymph trauma

Question 3

What is the definition of a virus?

Answer 3

Subcellular organism made up only of RNA or DNA covered with proteins

Question 4

Why are new vaccinations often needed to be created to treat viruses?

Answer 4

They have rapid replication and high mutation rates

Question 5

Why do most viruses not require specific antiviral therapy?

Answer 5

They are self limiting

Question 6

What are not effective for viruses?

Answer 6

Antibiotics

Question 7

What are types of viruses?

Answer 7

Flu, herpes, hepatitis, cold

Question 8

What is the definition of bacteria?

Answer 8

Single-celled microorganism with well defined cell walls that can grow independently on artificial media without the need for other cells

Question 9

How is bacteria classified?

Answer 9

By shape and oxygen need

Question 10

What percentage of bacteria makes up human pathogens?

Answer 10

38%

Question 11

How is bacteria treated?

Answer 11

Antibiotics (may need labs to determine gram stain)

Question 12

What are types of bacteria?

Answer 12

Streptococcus, staphylococcus, clostridium, and escherichia coli

Question 13

What is the definition of fungi?

Answer 13

Single celled or multicellular organism

Question 14

What are the two forms of fungi?

Answer 14

True pathogen (causes infections in healthy people)

Opportunistic pathogen (causes infection in immunocompromised people)

Question 15

What does the common fungus yeast cause?

Answer 15

Thrust, diaper rash, and athletes foot

Question 16

What is the treatment of fungi?

Answer 16

Antifungals or antivirals applied directly to the skin (injected in serious cases)

Question 17

What is the definition of a parasite?

Answer 17

Organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of the host

Question 18

Where are parasites more common?

Answer 18

Rural or developing areas

Question 19

What is the mode of infections for parasites?

Answer 19

Through mouth or skin

Question 20

What are common types of parasites?

Answer 20

Pinworms and malaria from mosquitos

Question 21

What is the treatment of parasites?

Answer 21

Anti-parasitic drugs

Question 22

What is the definition of prions?

Answer 22

Infectious agent composed of protein material that can fold in multiple distinct ways leading to disease similar to viral infection

Question 23

What is the mode of transmission for prions?

Answer 23

Animal to human

Question 24

What are prions characterized by?

Answer 24

Long latent interval in the host that when reactivated causes a rapid deteriorating state

Question 25

What is an example of prion?

Answer 25

Mad cow disease

Question 26

What is the treatment for prions?

Answer 26

None

Question 27

What are the types of direct contact transmission?

Answer 27

Person to person Bites from insects or animals Mother to unborn child

Question 28

What are types of indirect contact transmission?

Answer 28

Contact with contaminated surface or through the air

Question 29

What are microbiomes?

Answer 29

Microorganisms in the human gut

Question 30

What can disorders in the microbiome cause?

Answer 30

Issues with the immune system

Question 31

What is sepsis?

Answer 31

Body’s response to infection where the immune system triggers inflammatory responses throughout the body

Question 32

Where does sepsis most commonly start?

Answer 32

Lung Urinary tract Skin GI tract

Question 33

What are the stages of sepsis?

Answer 33

Sepsis Severe sepsis Septic shock

Question 34

What are the symptoms of sepsis that when 2 out of the 3 or present it is confirmed?

Answer 34

Body temp > 101 or < 97 HR > 90 bpm RR > 20 breaths/min

Question 35

What are the symptoms of severe sepsis that is confirmed if you have at least one?

Answer 35

Decrease in urine output Mental status change Decreased platelet count Difficulty breathing Abdominal pain

Question 36

What is septic shock?

Answer 36

When all signs and symptoms of severe sepsis are present plus severe hypotension

Question 37

What is an infection acquired in a hospital setting called?

Answer 37

Nosocomial infection

Question 38

What are the most common Nosocomial infections?

Answer 38

E-coli Staph C-diff Pseudomonas Yeast

Question 39

Where are the common sites of Nosocomial infection?

Answer 39

Urinary tract Surgical wounds Joints Lower respiratory tract

Question 40

What are the antibiotic resistant infections?

Answer 40

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Vancomycin resistant enterococci infection Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Question 41

What is management of MRSA?

Answer 41

IV vancomycin and several weeks of IV antibiotic treatment

Question 42

What is treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci infection?

Answer 42

Options are limited (prevention and proper utilization of antibiotics)

Question 43

Where are Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii usually found?

Answer 43

ICU environments (ventilator dependent pneumonia and bloodstream infections)

Question 44

What is the neck check rule when exercising with infection?

Answer 44

Do not exercise if their are symptoms below the neck (exercise can raise fever even higher)