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BCPS > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three most common bacteria associated with CAP?

A

Unidentifiable, M. pneumoniae, s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae

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2
Q

What are the three most common bacteria associated with HAP?

A

Unidentifiable, s. aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter

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3
Q

What is the empiric treatment of CAP for non-hospitalized pt with no comorbidities?

A

Amoxicillin or doxycycline or macrolide

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4
Q

What is the empiric treatment of CAP for non-hospitalized pt with comorbidities?

A

Respiratory FQ, macrolide or doxy w/ Augmentin or cefuroxime

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5
Q

What are the respiratory FQs?

A

moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, levofloxacin

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6
Q

What is the empiric treatment of CAP for hospitalized pt with no comorbidities?

A

respiratory FQ or Unasyn, ceftriaxone, or ceftaroline +macrolide

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7
Q

What is the empiric treatment of CAP for hospitalized pt with severe pneumonia

A

Unasyn +FQ/macrolide
Ceftriaxone +FQ/macroide
Ceftaroline +FQ/macrolide

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8
Q

What are risk factors for MRSA?

A

recent hospitalization or parenteral antibiotics within last 90 days

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9
Q

What antibiotics cover pseudomonas

A

Zosyn, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, aztreonam

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10
Q

What antibiotics cover MRSA?

A

Vancomycin and linezolid

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11
Q

What should the emperic treatment of VAP include?

A

should cover MSSA, p. aeruginosa, and other GN organisms
–(1)Zosyn, cefepime, levo, imipenem, or meropenem
–Using two antibiotics with activity against p. Aeruginosa if resistance is >10% or cholistinuse (1) plus AG, FQ
–Add MRSA coverage if MRSA NS positive

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12
Q

How long should VAP be treated for?

A

7 days

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13
Q

What patients should receive treatment for influenza A and B?

A

Confirmed or suspected influenza for high risk patients who’s illness onset <48 hours

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14
Q

What antiviral class is not effective against influenza B?

A

Adamantanes (Amantadine and rimantadine

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15
Q

What is the MOA of adamantanes?

A

Inhibits viral uncoating and release of viral nucleic acid

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16
Q

What is the MOA of adamantanes?

A

Inhibits viral uncoating and release of viral nucleic acid

17
Q

What is considered a relapsed UTI?

A

Reinfection with the same organism within 14 days of discontinuing antibiotics

18
Q

How many CFUs constitute bacteriuria?

A

> 10^2 CFU/ml

19
Q

Why should nitrofurantoin be avoided in CrCl <30?

A

Efficacy is dependent on its concentration in the bladder. As renal function decreases the nitrofurantoin bladder concentration (efficacy) decreases and plasma levels increase (SE)

20
Q

What are three main recommended therapies for uncomplicated cystitis?

A

-Bactrim DS BID x3 days
-Nitrofurantoin 100mg BID x5 days
-Fosfomycin 3g x1
-FQ x3 days
-Beta-lactams x5-7 days

21
Q

Recommended therapies for uncomplicated pyelonephritis

A

Bactrim DS BID x14 days
Levofloxacin x5 days or Cipro x7 days
Beta-lactams x14 days

22
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

A

-FQ
-Tetracyclines
-AG
-Bactrim (especially in late 3rd trimester)

23
Q

How long should acute bacterial prostatitis be treated?

A

2-4 weeks, extend for an additional 2 weeks if pt still symptomatic

24
Q

When should cellulitis be treated empirically for MRSA?

A

Penetrating trauma, IVDU, purulent drainage, nasal w/ MRSA, SIRS

25
Q

What are PO options for MRSA?

A

Clindamycin, Bactrim (does not cover strep), doxycycline (does not cover strep)

26
Q

Empiric treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Vanco or LInezolid + Zosyn or a carbapenem or CTX w/metronidazole
-Add clindamycin if concern for group A strep, s. aureus or clostridium spp
-If strep nec fasciitis -HD penicillin +clindamycin

27
Q

What are considered risk factors for MRSA infections

A

MRSA colonization, high local prevalence of MRSA, or a severe infection

28
Q

What are considered risk factors for MRSA infections

A

MRSA colonization, high local prevalence of MRSA, or a severe infection

29
Q

What are considered risk factors for pseudomonas infections?

A

uncommon in diabetic foot infections–> higher risk of exposure of foot to water, severe inf, and failure of previous therapy

30
Q

What are 5 anti-pseudomonal antibiotics?

A

Zosyn, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, or imipenem

BCPS (6 decks)

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