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NAPLEX Study > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

Infectious Disease I, II, III, & IV - UWorld

1
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - CNS/Meningitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
Group B Streptococcus/E. coli (young)
Listeria (young/adult)

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2
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - Upper Respiratory

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis

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3
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - Heart/Endocarditis

A

Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA)
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococci
Enterococci

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4
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - Skin/Soft Tissue

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Pasteurella multocida +/- aerobic/anerobic GNR (in diabetes)

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5
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - Bone/Joint

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
GNR (in select situations)

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6
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - Mouth

A

Mouth flora (Peptostreptcoccus)
Anaerobic GNR (Prevotella, others)
Viridans group streptococci

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7
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - Lower Respiratory (Community)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Atypicals: Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila
Enteric GNR (alcohol use disorder)

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8
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - Lower Respiratory (Hospital)

A

Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acinetobacter baumannii
Enteric GNR (including ESBL+, MDR)
Streptococcus pneumoniae

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9
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - Urinary Tract

A

E. coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Enterococci

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10
Q

Common Bacterial Pathogens - Intra-abdominal

A

Enteric GNR
Enterococci
Streptococci
Bacteroides species

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11
Q

Gram + Color

A

Purple

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12
Q

Gram - Color

A

Pink

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13
Q

Atypical Color

A

None

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14
Q

Gram + (Cocci)

A

Clusters: Staphylococcus spp.
Pairs/Chains: Streptococcus pneumoniae (diplococci), Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus spp.

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15
Q

Gram + (Rods)

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Corynebacterium spp.

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16
Q

Gram + (Anerobes)

A

Peptostreptococcus
Propionibacterium acnes
Clostridium dificile
Clostridium spp

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17
Q

Gram - (Cocci)

A

Neisseria spp

18
Q

Gram - (Rods)

A

Enteric: Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Serratia spp, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter spp

Non-Enteric: Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Providencia spp

Curved: H. pylori, Campylobacter spp, Treponema spp, Borrella spp, Leptospira spp

19
Q

Gram - (Coccobacilli)

A

Acinetobacter baumannii
Bordatella pertussis
Moraxella catarrhalis

20
Q

Gram - (Anaerobes)

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Prevontella spp

21
Q

Atypicals

A

Chlamydia spp
Legionella spp
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

22
Q

What is intrinsic resistance?

A

Resistance natural to the organism

23
Q

What is selection pressure?

A

When antibiotics kill off susceptible bacteria, leaving behind more resistant stains to multiply

24
Q

What is acquired resistance?

A

DNA containing resistant genes can be transferred between different species

25
Q

What is enzyme inactivation?

A

Enzymes produced by bacteria that break down the antibiotic

26
Q

What drugs have the highest risk of causing C. diff?

A

Broad spectum PCN
Cephalosporins
Quinolones
Carbapenems
Clindamycin (boxed warning)

27
Q

What drug ABX’s are hydrophilic?

A

Beta-lactams
Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Polymixins

28
Q

What drug ABX’s are lipophilic?

A

Quinolones
Macrolides
Rifampin
Linezolid
Tetracyclines

29
Q

What effect do hydrophilic drugs have?

A
  1. Small Vd = less tissue penetration
  2. Mostly renal elimination
  3. Low intracellular concentrations
  4. Poor-Moderate bioavalibility
30
Q

What effect do lipophilic drugs have?

A
  1. Large Vd = better tissue penetration
  2. Mostly hepatically metabolized
  3. High intracellular concentrations
  4. Excellent bioavailability
31
Q

Beta Lactam ABX Classes

A
  1. Penicillins
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Carbapenems
32
Q

Beta Lactam MOA

A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs, preventing peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls

33
Q

Natural PCN Activity

A

Gram positive cocci (streptococci and enterococci) and mouth flora

34
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCN Activity

A

Streptococci, MSSA

35
Q

Aminopenicillins PCN Activity

A

Streptococci, Enterococci, Mouth flora, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, E.Coli

36
Q

Aminopenicillins + Beta-lactamase Inihbitors PCN Activity

A

Streptococci, Enterococci, Mouth flora, HNPEK, MSSA, B. fragilis

37
Q

Extended Spectrum PCN + Beta-lactamase Inhibitor

A

Streptococci, Enterococci, Mouth flora, HNPEK, MSSA, B. fragilis, CAPES, Pseudomonas

38
Q

List the Natural PCNs

A
  1. Penicillin V Potassium
  2. Penicillin G Aqueous
  3. Penicillin G Benzathine (Bicillin L-A)
39
Q

List the Antistaphylococcal PCNs

A
  1. Dicloxacillin
  2. Oxacillin
  3. Nafcillin
40
Q

List the Aminopenicillins

A
  1. Amoxicillin
  2. Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
  3. Ampicillin
  4. Ampicillin/Sulbactam (Unasyn)
41
Q

List the Extended Spectrum PCNs

A
  1. Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)
42
Q
A

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