infectious disease

Question 1

Kawasaki disease

Answer 1

• Usually self limited systemic inflammatory disease
• Fever for more than 5 days and 4 other symptoms
  Conjunctival redness
  Strawberry tongue
  Erythema and peeling of the hands and feet
  Rash on the body
  Dry cracked peeling lips
  Cervical Lymphadenopathy
  Fever usually unresponsive to antipyretics
  Complications
  Coronary artery aneurysm
  myocarditis
  Heart valve problems
  Treatment
  IVIG in the hospital
  No live vaccines for 11 months after child received IVIG
  High dose aspirin therapy

Question 2

Kawasaki disease

Answer 2

• Usually self limited systemic inflammatory disease
• Fever for more than 5 days and 4 other symptoms
  - Conjunctival redness
  - Strawberry tongue
  - Erythema and peeling of the hands and feet
  - Rash on the body
  - Dry cracked peeling lips
  - Cervical Lymphadenopathy
  - Fever usually unresponsive to antipyretics
• Complications
  - Coronary artery aneurysm
  - myocarditis
  - Heart valve problems
• Treatment
  - IVIG in the hospital
  - High dose aspirin therapy

Question 3

Arrhythmia infectiosum (fifth disease)

Answer 3

• Rash in 3 stages
• “Slapped face” appearance → 1-4 days
• Maculopapular rash on extremities → lasts 7 days or more
• Rash subsides but reappears if skin irritated or traumatized by heat, cold, friction, etc

Question 4

Roseola

Answer 4

• Persistent high fever for 3-4 days; otherwise appears well
• After fever subsidies, rash appears
• Rash first on trunk, then face and extremities

Question 5

Scarlet fever

Answer 5

• Complications
  
  • Carditis
  • Peritonsillar
  • Abscess
  • Glomerulonephritis
• Treatment: amoxicillin, azithromycin

Question 6

Hand-foot-mouth

Answer 6

• Complications: dehydration and febrile seizures
• Treatment is symptomatic
  - Fluids
  - Pain relief

Question 7

Varicella “chicken pox”

Answer 7

• Skin lesions initially appear on the face and trunk, beginning as red macules and progressing over 12-14 days to become papular, vesicular, pustular, and finally crusted
• Complications: secondary bacterial infections
• Treatment: Acyclovir

Question 9

HIV

Answer 9

• Symptoms in children
  -Recurrent otitis media pneumonia, or herpes simplex virus
  - Poor growth
  - Developmental delay
  - Enlarged liver, sleep, and lymph nodes
  - Prolonged fever >5 days
  - Opportunistic infections
  - Malignancies
• Medications
  - Antivirals: zidovudine (retrovir)
  - Antibiotics: septra