Infectious disease

Question 1

define infectious disease

Answer 1

a disease caused by a pathogen that can be transmitted from one organism to another

Question 2

define non-infectious disease

Answer 2

a disease that is not transmitted from one organism to another

Question 3

define virulence factor

Answer 3

a characteristic that helps the bacteria invade the host, cause disease and evade hot defences

Question 4

define adherence factor

Answer 4

a characteristic that colonises cells by adhering to cells using pili

Question 5

define capsules (in disease)

Answer 5

a thick polysaccharide gel on the outside of the cell, more virulent (extra defence against phagocytosis)

Question 6

define toxins

Answer 6

poisonous substances secreted during growth or metabolism (endotoxins & excotoxins)

Question 7

identify and give an example each type of pathogen:
- prions
- virus
- bacteria
- fungi
- protists
- parasites

Answer 7

prions - affect the brain (mad cow disease)
virus: (covid, the flu)
bacteria: (tetanus, anthrax)
fungi: causes by a fungus (athletes foot)
protists: infect red blood cells (malaria)
parasites: food/water borne illness (salmonella)