Infectious disease Flashcards
Organisms causing mucormycosis
What do they look like under a microscope?
Mucor, rhizopus, and rhiozomucor (all zygomycetic)
Fungi with infrequently septated or nonseptated hyphae
Treatment of Crypto meningitis
Ampho + flucytosine for 2-3 weeks.
Can then be switched to fluconazole
CD4 count at which each occurs:
Crypto meningitis:
Toxo:
Crypto < 100
Toxo < 100
What kind of organism if Toxoplasma gondii?
Intracellular protozoan
Toxo treatment?
Prophylaxis
Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine
Prophylaxis: bactrim
Enlarged astrocytes with intranuclear inclusions in an AIDS patient
Type of organism
PML
JC virus is a polyomavirus
Bacterial meningitis causes neurosurgery patients
Staph aureus
Coag-neg staph e.g. Staph pidermidis
Psuedomonas and other aerobic GNR
P acnes (if recent instrumentation)
(Strep pneumonia not a common cause of hospital-acquired meningitis)
Neuropathy patterns in lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy
Lepromatous (more widespread, impaired cellular immunity): cold regions of body
Tuberculoid (normal cellular immunity): mononeuritis-multiplex like presentation with thickened nerves
Association of EBV with PCNSL in HIV+ and HIV- patients
Associated in HIV+ patients but not otherwise
Four neurological syndromes of measles
- Acute encephalitis
- Postviral encephalomyelitis
- Measles inclusion body encephalitis (immunodeficiency, rapidly progressive dementing illness with seizures 1-6 months after measles)
- SSPE (delayed up to years, behavioral chnges followed by seizures and abnormal movements, and later paralysis and coma)
Infectious agent that can cause vastulitis-phenomenon due to blood vessel wall invasion, as well as granulomas and abscesses, in immunocompromised patients.
Morphology?
Aspergillus
Septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
Treatment of neurocysticercosis
How are humans infected with neurocysticercosis?
Albendazole
Neurocysticercosis due to ingestion of eggs excreted in feces from infected pig or human
(Eating undercooked pork with cysicerci leasd to intestinal tapeworm illness, not neurocysicercosis directly - although will shed eggs that can cause it)
Organisms causing amebic meningoencephalitis
How do they invade the brain
Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba
Balamuthia mandrillis
Invade by passing through cribiform plate and along olfactory nerves to brain
(Acanthamoeba can also enter CNS via hematogenous dissemination or via a corneal infection due to contacts in contaminated solution)
Ring-enhancing lesion with diffusion restriction
Brain abscess
Source of reactivation for Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
Geniculate ganglion
