Infectious disease Flashcards
1
Q
chain of infection
A
- infectious microbe
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
2
Q
list of infectious microbes
A
- prions
- viruses
- bacteria
- fungi
- protozoa
- multicellular parasites
3
Q
routes of transmission
A
person to person
- direct ptp
- sexual transmission
- perinatal mother to child transmission
- skin to skin
- human bites
- indirect ptp
- fomites
- airborne and droplets
common vehicle/source
- ingested: food-borne, water-borne, fecal-borne
- biological product: vaccine, sera, blood products, organ transplant
zoonoses
- animal bites
- blood-borne, ariborne, foodborne, waterborne
- vector borne: mosquitos, flies, fleas
endogenous
- from own flora
- disruption in normal immunological barriers
- bloodstream infection with coagulase negative staph due to infected central venous catheter
4
Q
define virulence and pathogenicity
A
virulence - extent of pathology/ disease caused by the organism
pathogenicity - ability to cause disease in the host
5
Q
mechanism of virulence
A
maintain presence in the host and invade the host and multiply
- capsules/cell wall - evade host defences (phagocytosis, white cell attachment)
- toxins - endotoxins
- adhesins - bind to host cells
- enzymes - hydrolyse extracellular tissue to facilitate invasion, hydrolyze antibiotics - mediating antibiotic resistance
6
Q
3 types of antimicrobials
A
- antibiotic
- antifungal
- antiviral
7
Q
5 pillar of infection control
A
- isolation and barrier precaution
- decontamination of equipment
- decontamination of environment
- prudent use of antibiotics - antibiotic stewardship program
- handwashing
8
Q
clinical features of infection
A
systemic
- fever
- chills/rigors
- constitutional symptoms
local
- dependent on site of infection
infecting organism
9
Q
what are some diagnostic tests to test for infections
A
laboratory/biochemical microbiological molecular histological imaging
10
Q
treatment of infections
A
antimicrobials
surgical/radiological interventions
