Infectious Disease

Question 1

Microorganisms

Answer 1

Organisms so small they are invisible to the naked eye and can only be seen with a microscope.

Question 2

All Microbes are microorganisms, but not all microorganisms are _____

Answer 2

Microbes

Question 3

Infection

Answer 3

The presence and multiplication within a host of another living organism with subsequent injury to the host

Question 4

Infectivity

Answer 4

The ability of an organism to enter, multiply, and survive in a host

Question 5

Host

Answer 5

Any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another organism.

Question 6

Colonization

Answer 6

The act of establishing a presence within a host

Question 7

Virulence

Answer 7

The disease producing potential of an invading organism.

Question 8

Pathogen

Answer 8

An organism so virulent that it is rarely found in the absence of disease

Question 9

Microflora

Answer 9

A multitude of non-harmful bacteria inhabiting the internal and external exposed surfaces of the human body

Question 10

Saprophytes

Answer 10

Free living organisms that obtain nutrition from dead or decaying organic materials in the enviornment

Question 11

Opportunistic Pathogen

Answer 11

An organism which produces an infectiois disease only when the health and immunity of the host have been severly compromised

Question 12

Commensalism

Answer 12

Non-harmful bacteria inhabitying the internal and external exposed surfaces of the human bodyu (microflora) acquire survival needs from yjehost but the host is not adversely affected by this relationship.

Question 13

Locations of normal flora in the human body are

Answer 13

Skin 
Nose/Pharynx
Mouth 
Colon/Rectum
Vagina/Distal Urethra/Perineum

Question 14

Mutualism

Answer 14

An interaction in which colonizing organism and host both derive benefits eg. SSome bacteria that live in the intestines and feed off of undigested foood also produce vitamins beneficial to humans

Question 15

Parasitic

Answer 15

An interaction in which a colonizing organism benefits and the host sustains injury

Question 16

Prions

Answer 16

Protein particles that lack any kind of demonstrable genetic material. They are mutated forms of a normal host protein. Prions may affect other normal proteins and alter them.

Question 17

Where are prions found in the body

Answer 17

Aggregate in the brain and form plaques

Question 18

Prions have been identified in a number of incurable and transmissible degenerative neurological diseases

Answer 18

Creutzfeldt jakob disease
kuru
mad cow disease

Question 19

Rickettsia

Answer 19

Tiny gram negative bacteria that live inside a host cell (obligate intracellular parasites)

Question 20

How are Rickettsia transmitted and manifested in the body

Answer 20

insect vectors and cause diseases like typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever. They cause a typical rash, and cause small hemorrhages

Question 21

Chlamydia

Answer 21

A primitive organism related to bacteria that lack many of the enzymes needed for metabolic processes

Question 22

Coxiella

Answer 22

Causes Q fever and illness that presents with flu-like symptoms, and cause progress to becomr systemic affecting the heart, lungs and GI

Question 23

Mycoplasmas

Answer 23

Commonly cause pneumonia.. These organisms lack a cell wall therefore they are not affected by antimicrobial drugs

Question 24

Fungi

Answer 24

Free living eukaryotic saprophytes (lives on dead or decaying organic matter) found in every habitat on earth

Question 25

Two types of fungi

Answer 25

Yeast and molds

Question 26

Yeast

Answer 26

Single celled organisms about the size of RBCs. They reproduce asexually through a budding process

Question 27

Molds

Answer 27

grow in long filaments called hyphae

Question 28

Parasites

Answer 28

Infect and cause disease in other animals. They include protozoa- unicellular eukaroytes that may reproduce sexually or asexually. Most are saprophytes. Some are pathogenic to humans ex malaria, amoebic dysentery, giardiasis, trichomonas vaginitis

Question 29

Helminths

Answer 29

aka worms- roundworms, tapeworms, flukes. They reproduce sexually

Question 30

Arthropods

Answer 30

Tics, mosquitoes, lice, fleas, mites

Question 31

Epidemiology

Answer 31

the study of factors, events, and circumstances that influence the transmission of infectious disease in human populations

Question 32

Source of infection

Answer 32

Endogenous (acquired from the hosts own microbial flora), exogenous (Acquired from sources in the external enviornment), source of infection can be another person (transmission of illness from mother to child during gestation), contact transmission occurs from transfer of microbes by physical contact,