Infectious diseae

Question 1

important causes of pyrexia of unknown origin

Answer 1

1. Neoplasms: lymphoma, leukemia, solid tumours, primary and secondary
2. infections: bacterial,viral fungal
3. connective tissue disease: rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, rheumatic fever, b. vasculitis, PAD, temperal arteritis, wegener’s granulomatosis
4. miscellaneous: drug fevers, inflammatory bowel disease, granumatous disease, Multiple PE, thyroiditis, heamatomas, haemolysis, habitual hyperthermia, cyclic neutropenia, factitious fever

Question 2

Common antiretrovirals to treat HIV

Answer 2

NRTI: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
NNRTI: nonnucleoside reverse transpcriptase inhibitor
PI: protease inhibitor
FI: fusion inhibtor
EI: entry inhibitor (CCR5 antagonist
II: integrase inhibitor
Booster

Question 3

what are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and common side effects?

Answer 3

Abacavir (ABC, Ziagen)- hypersensitivity
Tenofovir (TDF; Viread) - acute or chronic renal insufficie
Didanosine(DDI; videx) -peripheral neuro, pancreatitis
Lamivudine (3TC;epivir)
Zidovudine (AZT; retrovir) - BM suppr, esp.macro anemia
Stavudine (d4T; Zerit) - peripheral neuro, pancreatitis
emtricitabine (FTC; emtriva)
Common class SE: GI intolerance, lipoatrophy, lactic acidosis)

Question 4

What are common protease inhibitors?

Answer 4

class Se: GI intolerance, hepatotoxicity, Inhibit CYP450, type 2DM, obesity, hyeprlipidemia, MI
atazanavir(ATV; reyataz) - nephrolithiasis
darunavir (DRV; prezista) -rash
Fosamprenavir(FPV; lexiva)
indinavir(IDV; crixivan) - nephrolithiasis
Lopinavir (LPV, Kaletra)
ritonavir (RTV; novrvir)
tipranavir (TPV; aptivus)

Question 5

What are common nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and side effects

Answer 5

Class SE: rash, hepatitis, mixed CYP450 inhi/inducer
efavirenz(EFV; sustiva)- CNS effects (inl depression)
etravirine (ETR; intelence)
nevirapine(NVP; viramune) - rash and hypersensitivity
rilprivirine( RPV; edurant)

Question 6

what are other type anti- HIV medications

Answer 6

FI: fusion inhibiotr- enfuvirtide (T20; fuzeon)- injection site reac
EI; maraviroc (MVC; selzentry)- dizziness, hepatotoxicity,
II: integrase inhibitor: raltegravir (RAL; Isentress)- GI intol, CK elevation
Booster: ritonavir , cobicistat: drug interactions (inhit CYP450)

Question 7

What are combination of anit-HIV medications?

Answer 7

atripla:Tenofovir,emtricatibine,efarvirenz
Truvada:Tenofovir,emtricatibine
stribild:tenofovir, emtricatibine,elvitegravir-cobicistat
Kivexa:abacavir,lemivudine