Infectious Diarrhoea Flashcards
What is diarrhoea?
Frequent evacuation of liquid stools
Loss of fluid and electrolytes
XS transit of intestinal contents through SI
What are the diagnostics of diarrhoea?
Fecal fat Occult blood Ova and paracytes Bacterial contamination Osmolality and electrolyte composition
What are the characteristics of Campylobacter spp.?
Gram-negative
S-shaped rods
What are the characteristics of Salmonella?
Rod-shaped
Flagellated
Gram-negative
What is the mechanism of Salmonella?
1) Enters via ingestion
2) Absorbed to epithelial cells in terminal portion of small intestine
3) Bacteria penetrate cells and migrte to ceacal region
4) Multiply in lymphoid follicles causing hyperplasia and hypertrophy
5) Inflammatory response stimulates cAMP and fludi decretion
6) Diarrhea
What are the characteristics of E.coli?
Gram-negative
Facultative aerobic
Rod-shaped
What effects do enterotoxins have?
1) ^ cAMP in intestine
2) ^ Cl- secretion
Na+ and H2O follow
How long do food posioning symptoms usually last?
A week
How do you treat food posioning?
1) Stay away from school for 2 days
2) Rest and drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
3) Light meals and bland foods
4) ORS (Oral rehydration solution)
When would you prescribe antibiotics?
1) Blood in stool
2) More than 8 stools a day
3) Immune compromise
4) Diarrhoea lasted more than a week
Which antibiotics would you prescribe?
Erythromycin
What can you do to prevent food poisoning?
1) Wash your hands
2) Wash worktops
3) Separate chopping boards
4) Raw meat separate
5) Keep your fridge below 5
What are the characteristics of Clostridium difficile?
Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium
Anaerobic
Motile bacteria
What is the predominant sialic acid found in mammalian cells?
N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac/NANA)
What should be prescribed if you are infected with Clostridium difficile?
Oral fidaxomicin
