Infectious Causes of Gastroenteritis Flashcards
Diarrhoea of small intestinal origin is
infrequent or the same frequency as large bowel but much more watery and a greater volume
Diarrhoea of large intestinal origin is
frequent, low volume (diseased colon)
How much water is reabsorbed in the small intestine?
8.5L
duodenum & jejunum = 5.5
ileum = 3.0
How much water is reabsobed in the colon?
1.4L (plus reserve capacity, ~4-5L)
Dysentery is caused by
Shigella/EIEC, protozoa (entamoeba histolytica)
Non-specific gastro is caused by
viruses, bacteria, protozoa
Foodborne diarrhoea is caused by
- Staph
- Salmonella (typhimurium)
- Clostridium (perfringens)
- Bacillus (cereus)
- Vibrio
- Listeria
- viruses
- ciguatoxin
Travellers’ diarrhoea is caused by
- ETEC (50%)
- bacteria
- viruses (rota, noro, enteric adenovirus)
- protozoa
Antibiotic-associated colitis is caused by
C. difficile
Haemorrhagic colitis is caused by
EHEC
Cholera-like diarrhoea is caused by
Vibrio cholerae, ETEC
Enteric fever is caused by
Salmonella typhi, paratyphi
Which E. coli use intimin adhesin?
EHEC and EPEC
(EHEC evolved from EPEC)
The ETEC adhesin is
colonisation factor antigens (CFAs)
ETEC produce
enterotoxins (heat stabile or heat labile)
EPEC adhesins are
intimin, Bfp (bundle-forming pilli)
EPEC produce
type 3 secreted effectors (T3S)
EHEC adhesins are
intimin, Efa
EHEC produce
shiga toxins
EAEC produce
Pet, EAST
can acquire ability to producec shiga toxins
Shiga toxins are encoded by
bacteriphages
EIEC (shigella) produce
Sen toxin
ETEC causes
watery diarrhoea in infants from LDCs), travellers
EPEC causes
non-specific gastro; mainly children in LDCs