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Clin Med III - Pathologies > Infectious Agents - Bacteria, Protozoa, and Fungi > Flashcards

Infectious Agents - Bacteria, Protozoa, and Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Single celled organisms that can reproduce with no true nucleus
Produce endotoxins

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

Bacteria throughout the body

A

Septicemia

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3
Q

Toxins within the body

A

Toxemia

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4
Q

Caused by Gram - spirochete
10 serovars in dogs
Spread through urine
Zoonotic

A

Leptospirosis

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5
Q

Natural hosts for Lepto

A

wildlife animals

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6
Q

The causative agent for Lepto

A

Leptospira interroans

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7
Q

2 Symptoms of Lepto

A
  1. Renal failure

2. Liver failure

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8
Q

This type of test will not verify Lepto infection

A

Routine stain or U/A

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9
Q

Best way to test for Lepto

A

Antibody titers 4 weeks apart

4x increase in antibodies = positive

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10
Q

Antibiotic used to treat Lepto

A

Doxycycline

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11
Q

To prevent spread to humans, you should always

A

wear PPE

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12
Q

3 Preventions of Lepto

A

Vax pets, Limit access to standing water, avoid wildlife

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13
Q

AKA Feline Infectious anemia OR Hemobartonella

A

Mycoplasma haemofilis

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14
Q

Caused by an intracellular bacteria that infects RBCs

Transmitted through blood (bites, fleas, transfusions)

A

Mycoplasma haemofilis

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15
Q

Main symptom of FIA

A

Acute hemolytic anemia

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16
Q

Symptoms of FIA are often increased in cats with

A

FELV

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17
Q

Best test to do to diagnose FIA

A

PCR

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18
Q

Antibiotic used to treat Mycoplasma haemofilis

A

Doxycycline

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19
Q

Cats who contract Mycoplasma should be treated with

A

supportive care

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20
Q

To prevent Mycoplasma from happening, you should do these 2 things

A

keep cats indoors and utilize flea control

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21
Q

AKA Lyme Dz

A

Borreliosis

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22
Q

Caused by a spirochete bacteria

Not a true zoonotic dz, but rather a vector borne dz

A

Borreliosis (Lyme Dz)

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23
Q

The reservoir for Lyme Dz

A

White footed mouse

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24
Q

Main species of ticks that carry Lyme Dz

A

Ixodes scapularis

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25
Q

How long does Borreliosis take to transmit?

A

48 hrs

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26
Q

Incubation period of Borreliosis

A

8-20 wks

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27
Q

Main symptom of Lyme dz

A

arthritis

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28
Q

Test used to diagnose Borreliosis

A

4Dx ELISA Snap test

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29
Q

Best antibiotic to use to treat Lyme Dz

A

Doxycycline

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30
Q

2 Prevention agents for Borreliosis

A

Vax! and flea control

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31
Q

The bacteria species that causes Borreliosis

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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32
Q

Caused by an intracellular, gram - bacteria Ehrlichia canis

A

Canine Monolytic Ehrlichiosis

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33
Q

The vector for Erhlichiosis

A

Brown Dog Tick

34
Q

The scientific name for the Brown Dog Tick

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineous

35
Q

Most common symptom of Ehrlichiosis

A

arthritis

36
Q

Best diagnostic test for Ehrlichiosis

A

4DX ELISA Snap test

37
Q

2 Treatments for Ehrlichiosis

A
  1. Doxy

2. Tick preventative

38
Q

Caused by an intracellular bacteria formerly of the Ehrlichia species that is often confused with Borreliosis or Ehrlichiosis

A

Anaplasmosis

39
Q

2 Bacteria that cause Anaplasmosis

A
  1. A. phagocytophilium

2. A. platys

40
Q

2 major vector species of Anaplasmosis

A
  1. Ixodes

2. Rhipecephalus

41
Q

3 symptoms of Anaplasmosis

A
  1. Arthritis
  2. IFA
  3. thrombocytopenia
42
Q

2 Treatments for Anaplasmosis

A
  1. Tick control

2. Doxy

43
Q

Caused by a Gram - intracellular bacteria that is a fatal human tick disease
Common in SE US

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

44
Q

The intracellular bacteria that causes RMSF

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

45
Q

The MAJOR vector of RMSF

A

American Dog Tick/Rocky Mountain tick (Dermacentor species)

46
Q

The mortality rate for humans with RMSF

A

5-10%

47
Q

2 major symptoms of RMSF

A
  1. High fever

2. vasculitis

48
Q

How long does it take to develop RMSF acute phase?

A

48 hrs

49
Q

To treat RMSF, you would treat

A

based on symptoms

50
Q

2 things used to treat RMSF

A
  1. Doxy

2. Tick control

51
Q

Single-celled organisms that are more advanced than bacteria
Have a cell membrane

Ex: Babesia, Toxoplasma

A

Protozoa

52
Q

An intracellular coccidian parasite that is zoonotic

Cats are the only definitive hosts

A

Toxoplasma gondii

53
Q

Oocyss of T. gondii are infectious after

A

48hrs

54
Q

When cats are infected with T. gondii, they only shed the oocysts for

A

1-2 weeks

55
Q

2 common places to get T. gondii

A
  1. uncooked meats

2. soil contamination

56
Q

Toxoplasmosis can cause birth deformities in women in their _ and _ trimesters

A

1st and 2nd

57
Q

Symptoms of cats with T. gondii

A

Usually asymptomatic

58
Q

Symptoms of humans with T. gondii

A

Flu-like C/S

59
Q

The test used to diagnose T. gondii

A

ELISA 4 Dx

60
Q

Antibiotic used to treat Toxoplasmosis

A

Clindamycin

61
Q

3 prevention tips for Toxoplasmosis

A
  1. Eat well-cooked meats
    2 Keep cats indoors
  2. Use caution handling feces and soil
62
Q

Caused by an intracellular protozoa that infects RBCs

Paired tear drop appearance

A

Babesiosis

63
Q

Infective agent of Babesiosis

A

Babesia gibsoni

64
Q

The vector for Babesia gibsoni

A

Brown Dog Tick

Rhipecephalus sanguineus

65
Q

2 C/S of Babesiosis

A
  1. Hemolytic anemia

2. Hemoglobinuria

66
Q

Best diagnostic test for Babesiosis

A

Blood smear with Wright’s Stain

67
Q

Antibiotic given to treat C/S of Babesiosis

A

Doxy

68
Q

Anti-protozoal drug given for Babesiosis

Very expensive

A

Imizol

69
Q

Best way to prevent Babesiosis

A

Tick control

70
Q

An infection of fungus is AKA

A

Mycoses

71
Q

3 types of Fungi

A
  1. Dermatophytes
  2. Saprophytes
  3. Yeasts
72
Q

This type of fungi infects hair, skin, nails, and claws

Ex: Ringworm

A

Dermatophytes

73
Q

These type of fungi are found in the environment and are opportunistic

A

Saprophytes

74
Q

These type of fungi are often found on skin and MMs

A

Yeasts

75
Q

The causative agent for ringworm

A

Microsporum canis

76
Q

A zoonotic fungus that can be identified using lactophenol cotton blue stain from culture or a hair sample

A

Ringworm

77
Q

This is a saprophyte that causes infections of the nose or lungs due to inhalation from decaying vegetation
Can cause pneumonia and secretes aflatoxins

A

Aspergilla

78
Q

A yeast that is common in ears and skin
Secondary to allergies or other dz
Most common infection of skin

A

Malassezia

79
Q

An encapsulated yeast that is zoonotic and can cause a systemic infection
Identified using India Ink stain and an antigen test

A

Cryptococcus

80
Q

A dimorphic fungi that grows like yeast in tissues and saprophyte growth in the environment
Causes systemic infection of the skin and respiratory tract that is common in dogs
Identify organism in tissue

A

Blastomyces

81
Q

Fungi is normal in

A

decaying/dead tissues

Clin Med III - Pathologies (6 decks)

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