Infectious Flashcards
what are morulae ?
clusters of bacterium, often within phagosomes, which hide within the phagosome to evade the immune system
what tick born diseases cause morulae
ricketsial diseases Anaplasma, (phagocytophilum and plays) and ehrlichia (canis and erwingii), anaplasma
Protozoal tick spread disease (babesia toxoplasma)
Erlichia’s preferential host is exclusively in the?
Dogs, all parts of the life cycle are on dogs
What is transdadial vs transoverial
Transstadial transmission occurs when a pathogen remains with the vector from one life stage (“stadium”) to the next.
transovarian transmission (transmission from parent to offspring via the ovaries) occurs in certain arthropod vectors as they transmit pathogens from parent to offspring
All tick disease cause what change on CBC?
Thrombocytopaenia
which tick born disease can cause a monoclonal gammopathy with CD8 granular lymphocytosis
Erlichia
What are the most commonly affected breeds
German shepherds, doberman and spaniels (black and tan)
what are the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal lymphocytosis
- Polyclonal Lymphocytosis:Definition: In polyclonal lymphocytosis, lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) are derived from multiple clones of immune cells. This means that a diverse range of lymphocytes is involved, indicating a general immune response.
Cause: It typically occurs in response to infections, autoimmune diseases, or other inflammatory processes. Because it involves many clones of lymphocytes, it’s usually a normal or reactive process.
- Monoclonal Lymphocytosis:Definition: Monoclonal lymphocytosis refers to the proliferation of lymphocytes from a single clone. All the lymphocytes in this case are genetically identical, arising from a single abnormal cell.
Cause: This type of lymphocytosis is more concerning because it can indicate a lymphoproliferative disorder or malignancy, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or lymphoma. In monoclonal lymphocytosis, the cells are often abnormal or cancerous.
Is canine herpesvirus enveloped or non enveloped?
Enveloped
How is canine herpesvirus transmitted?
Direct oronasl contact, and transplacental
What cells does canine herpesvirus affect?
Respiratory and urogenital
Describe the lifespan of the canine herpesvirus
IP 6-10 days: lifelong latent infection of neural ganglia with periodic reactivation of shedding
A neonate presents to you with incessant vocalization, anorexia, dyspnea, and abdominal pain. Which microorganism do you suspect?
Canine herpesvirus
What, if any, effects does canine herpesvirus have if a naive bitch is infected during the last 3 weeks of gestation?
Late term abortion or neonatal death within the first few weeks
What is the gold standard method of diagnosis?
Virus isolation or PCR
What is the prognosis for canine herpesvirus?
Poor for infected puppies
Is there a vaccine available against canine herpesvirus? If so, what kind?
No vaccine is available
Name a differential diagnosis for canine herpesvirus
Bacterial sepsis
Describe the feline panleukopenia virus
SS non-enveloped DNA virus
Which species are affected by feline panleukopenia?
Domestic and wild cats, foxes, mink, and racoons
What is a predisposing factor for feline panleukopenia?
Being a cat <1 yr of age
What is the mode of transmission/infection for feline panleukopenia?
Fecal-oral, contaminated fomites, in utero
Describe the life cycle of feline panleukopenia
- Replicates in oropharlymphoid tissue, after that disseminates in blood to all tissues
- Replicates in dividing cells like parvo
Describe the clinical signs of feline panleukopenia
- GI
- CNS
- Hydrocephaly
- Cerebellar hypoplasia
- Retinal degeneration
What labwork findings do you usually see with feline panleukopenia?
- Leukopenia (65%)
- Thrombocytopenia (54%)
- Anemia 48%
What is the gold standard method for diagnosing feline panleukopenia?
Canine parvovirus antigen
What is the prognosis for cats with feline panleukopenia?
Cats that survive the first 5 days of treatment usually recover
FIP is a mutation of what virus?
Feline coronavirus
Is the FIP virus enveloped or nonenveloped?
Enveloped
List 3 predisposing factors for FIP
- Multicat environments
- Purebreeds (Abyssinian, Bengals, Birmans)
- Bimodal distribution
Are neuro signs more common with wet or dry FIP?
Dry
What is the mode of transmission for FIP?
Fecal to oral
How long can FIP survive in the environment?
< 1-2 days; readily inactivated by disinfectants
How many day after infection does FIP begin to shed?
2 days
Why does non effusive FIP occur?
Due to partial CMI response
Why does effusive FIP occur?
Occurs in cats unable to mount an immune response
FIP affects (monocytes/macrophages/lymphocytes) (choose 2)
FIP affects monocytes and macrophages. It does NOT affect lymphocytes
What percentage of FIP cases have neurological signs?
10%
After cardiomyopathy and neoplasia, what is the next most common cause of pericardial effusion in cats?
FIP
What is a common labwork finding in an FIP cat?
- Hyperglobulinemia
- A:G ratio is usually <0.8
