Infectious

Question 1

what are morulae ?

Answer 1

clusters of bacterium, often within phagosomes, which hide within the phagosome to evade the immune system

Question 2

what tick born diseases cause morulae

Answer 2

ricketsial diseases Anaplasma, (phagocytophilum and plays) and ehrlichia (canis and erwingii), anaplasma

Protozoal tick spread disease (babesia toxoplasma)

Question 3

Erlichia’s preferential host is exclusively in the?

Answer 3

Dogs, all parts of the life cycle are on dogs

Question 4

What is transdadial vs transoverial

Answer 4

Transstadial transmission occurs when a pathogen remains with the vector from one life stage (“stadium”) to the next.

transovarian transmission (transmission from parent to offspring via the ovaries) occurs in certain arthropod vectors as they transmit pathogens from parent to offspring

Question 5

All tick disease cause what change on CBC?

Answer 5

Thrombocytopaenia

Question 6

which tick born disease can cause a monoclonal gammopathy with CD8 granular lymphocytosis

Answer 6

Erlichia

Question 7

What are the most commonly affected breeds

Answer 7

German shepherds, doberman and spaniels (black and tan)

Question 8

what are the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal lymphocytosis

Answer 8

1. Polyclonal Lymphocytosis:Definition: In polyclonal lymphocytosis, lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) are derived from multiple clones of immune cells. This means that a diverse range of lymphocytes is involved, indicating a general immune response.

Cause: It typically occurs in response to infections, autoimmune diseases, or other inflammatory processes. Because it involves many clones of lymphocytes, it’s usually a normal or reactive process.

2. Monoclonal Lymphocytosis:Definition: Monoclonal lymphocytosis refers to the proliferation of lymphocytes from a single clone. All the lymphocytes in this case are genetically identical, arising from a single abnormal cell.

Cause: This type of lymphocytosis is more concerning because it can indicate a lymphoproliferative disorder or malignancy, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or lymphoma. In monoclonal lymphocytosis, the cells are often abnormal or cancerous.