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Microbiology > Infections, organisms and treatments > Flashcards

Infections, organisms and treatments Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which abx predispose to C diff?

A

Cephalosporins

Ones beginning with C

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2
Q

How long is a UTI treatment?

A

3 days in women, 7 days in men

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3
Q

Why should you not give abx if infected with E Coli E157?

A

Can cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome

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4
Q

Describe staph aureus

A

Gram positive, coagulase positive

Patients very unwell if it is in blood

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5
Q

What colour is the gram neg and positive stain?

A

Negative - red

Positive - blue

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6
Q

Describe gram positive bacteria

A

Staph and strep

Staph can be split into coagulase positive (staph aureus) and negative

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7
Q

Describe coagulase negative bacteria

A

Don’t cause infection in well people unless associated with a device (pacemaker, heart valves etc) as they produce an exopolysaccharide which mediates adhesion

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8
Q

Describe the gram negatives

A

E coli, Klebsiella, proteus

Nyseria (diplococci)

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9
Q

How do you test for hep B?

A

Hep B surface antigen (HBsAg) (marker of acute and persistent infection)
Anti HBs = hep B immunisation
Anti-HBc IgM = recent infection

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10
Q

How do you test for hep C?

A

Anti HCV

Then use PCR testing to indicate whether it is active

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11
Q

What is a common cause of a surgical site infection and how would you treat it?

A

Staph aureus, then strep pyogenes (group A beta haemolytic)
Treat with flucloxacillin for 7-10 days
Vancomycin if allergic

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12
Q

What do you treat MRSA with?

A

Vancomycin with oral switch to clarithromycin, tetracycline or linezolid

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13
Q

What do you treat strep pyogenes with?

A

Benzylpenicillin IV then oral switch to phenoxymethypenicillin or amoxicillin after 48-72 hours
Add clindamycin if it is a serious infection
Penicillin allergic = clarithromycin, clindamycin or vancomycin
If using vancomycin oral switch should be to clarithromycin or clindamycin

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14
Q

What do you treat strep pneumoniae with?

A

Benzylpenicillin

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15
Q

How do you treat prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

Vancomycin (IV) and rifampicin for 6-8 weeks

Gentamicin for first 2 weeks

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16
Q

Why do you vancomycin IV?

A

Doesn’t absorb if given orally (although good for C diff)

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17
Q

How do you treat E coli?

A

IV cefuroxime with oral switch depending on sensitivities

Use ciprofloxacin if allergic - can give orally

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18
Q

How do you treat enterococcus faecalis?

A

Amoxicillin IV then oral switch

Vancomycin if allergic

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19
Q

If you have no spleen, what organisms are you at risk of getting?

A 
No Spleen How Mean Can 
Strep pneumoniae 
Neisseria 
H influenza 
Malaria
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
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20
Q

What do you use for prophylaxis on people without a spleen?

A

Oral phenoxymethylpenicillin or erythromycin if allergic

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21
Q

What do you use for prophylaxis for operations on large bowel?

A

Co-amoxiclav

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22
Q

What are aminoglycosides good for?

A

Gram negative bacteria eg pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci and mycobacteria

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23
Q

What is GDH?

A

Precursor to c diff

24
Q

Give an example of a diplo cocci

A

Strep pneumoniae

25
Q

How do you define chronic infection of Hep b?

A

Patient remaining positive for HBsAg for >6 months

26
Q

What are the adverse effects of beta lactams?

A

Usually no side effects except co-amoxiclav causes cholestatic jaundice and predisposes to C diff

27
Q

How do you treat staph aureus?

A

Flucloxacillin with oral switch after 48-72 hours

If penicillin allergic, give clindamycin, clarithromycin or vancomycin (avoid clindamycin in >65 y/o due to c diff risk)

28
Q

What is the different between early and late onset PVE?

A

Early onset occurs less than 60 days after valve replacement
Caused by coagulase negative staph or staph aureus
Late onset is more commonly caused by coagulase negative staph

29
Q

What do you treat pyelonephritis with and why?

A

Cefuroxime for 14 days
Good urine bioavailability, minimal adverse effects, few contraindications
In >65, give tazocin as less likely to pre-dispose to c diff
If allergic = ciprofloxacin for 7 days (can be given orally)

Oral switch after 24-48

30
Q

How do you treat traveller’s diarrhea and what is it caused by?

A

Caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of E coli

Treat with single dose of quinolone

31
Q

What do you use for meningococcal prophylaxis?

A

Oral rifampicin for 2 days

32
Q

Chest infection

A

Amoxicillin

33
Q

Sinusitis

A

Doxycycline

34
Q

Pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin + clarithromycin

Benzylpenicillin if severe

35
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin or erythromycin

36
Q

Cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin or clarithromycin

37
Q

Sepsis

A

Tazocin

38
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Chloramphenicol

39
Q

Campylobacter

A

Clarithromycin

40
Q

C diff

A

Metronidazole

41
Q

Biliary tract infection

A

Ciprofloxacin or gentamicin

42
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Flucloxacillin or clindamycin

43
Q

Septic arthritis

A

Flucloxacillin or vancomycin

44
Q

Impetigo

A

Fusidic acid

45
Q

Mastitis

A

Flucloxacillin or erythromycin

46
Q

What criteria is used to decide whether abx are needed?

A

CENTAUR

Fever pain criteria

47
Q

What is important with Pen V?

A

Compliance is important - 10 day course

48
Q

Macrolides + statins - interactions

A

Macrolides inhibits breakdown of statin (P450 inhibitor) - stop statin while on macrolide

49
Q

Spiral shaped bacteria

A

Treponema + Borrelia (Lyme)

50
Q

How does Lyme disease present?

A

Bullseye target rash

51
Q

Gram negative comma shaped

A

Gram negative comma shaped = vibrio, campylobacter, H pylori

52
Q

Gram negative bacilli

A

E coli, klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, shigella, pseudomonas, pertussis, Hib, legionella

53
Q

Gram negative diplococci

A

Neisseria

54
Q

What are the gram positive bacilli?

A

clostridium + listeria

55
Q

What are the gram positive cocci?

A

Staph + strep

Microbiology (8 decks)

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