Infections of the Lacrimal Passages

Question 1

3 Infections of the Lacrimal Passages

Answer 1

I. Dacryoadenitis
II. Canaliculitis
III. Dacryocystitis

Question 2

Acute inflammation of the lacrimal gland

Answer 2

Dacryoadenitis

Question 3

Dacryoadenitis is associated with the following conditions

Answer 3

a. Inflammatory disease (Often seen)

b. Consequence of malignancy such as lymphoproliferative
disease (occasionally)

Question 4

(Dacryoadenitis)

Most cases are the result of:

Answer 4

Bacterial infection
Adjacent infection
Trauma
Hematogenously

Question 5

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

Answer 5

Bacterial infection

Question 6

(infection carried by blood)

Answer 6

Hematogenously

Question 7

Canaliculitis typically occurs in individuals over what age?

Answer 7

over 40

Question 8

A variety of bacteria, viruses, and mycotic organisms that
can cause infection within the canaliculus.

Answer 8

Canaliculitis

Question 9

2 Common pathogen of canaliculitis:

Answer 9

1. Filamentous gram-positive rod
2. Actinomyces israelii

Question 10

4 Canaliculitis signs and symptoms:

Answer 10

Persistent weeping
Persistent discharge
Follicular conjunctivitis (sometimes)
Punctum is often erythematous and dilated or “pouting”

Question 11

Canaliculitis Management

Answer 11

Warm compresses
Digital massage
Topical and oral antibiotic therapy

Question 12

can be used to apply pressure to the canaliculus (“milking”)

Answer 12

cotton-tipped applicator

Question 13

The expression of purulent discharge confirms the diagnosis of what?

Answer 13

canaliculitis

Question 14

may be useful in identifying the cause of the infection canaliculitis

Answer 14

culture of discharge

Question 15

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

Answer 15

Dacryocystitis

Question 16

Common factor of Dacryocystisis

Answer 16

complete NLDO

Question 17

complete NLDO prevents

Answer 17

normal drainage from the lacrimal sac into the nose

Question 18

Condition that may lead to secondary infection

Answer 18

Chronic tear retention
Chronic tear stasis

Question 19

Dacryocystitis Clinical findings:

Answer 19

Edema
Erythema
Distension of the lacrimal sac

Question 20

Dacryocystitis Complications:

Answer 20

1) Dacryocystocele formation
2) Chronic conjunctivitis
3) spread to adjacent structures (orbital or facial cellulitis)

Question 21

5 Treatment/Management of Dacryocystitis

Answer 21

a.) Oral antibiotics
b.) Parenteral antibiotics
c.) Irrigation or probing
d.) Aspiration of the lacrimal sac
e.) Incision and drainage

Question 22

are necessary for the treatment of severe cases, especially if cellulitis or orbital extension is present

Answer 22

Parenteral antibiotics

Question 23

IRRIGATION ON PROBING of the canalicular system should be avoided until what

Answer 23

the infection subsides

Question 24

performed if a pyocele or
mucocele is localized and approaching the skin

Answer 24

Aspiration of the lacrimal sac

Question 25

If there is localized abscess involving the lacrimal sac and adjacent soft tissues

Answer 25

Incision and drainage

Question 26

Incision and drainage are reserved for cases that

Answer 26

do not respond to more conservative measures or for patients in severe discomfort