Infections in Childhood

Question 1

List 4 examples of live vaccines.

Answer 1

MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Varicella zoster virus
Intranasal influenza vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine

Question 2

What are conjugate vaccines?

List 3 examples.

Answer 2

Vaccines against plain polysaccharides, which are attached to a protein carrier to give better immunological memory

Hib vaccine
Men C vaccine
Pneumococcus vaccine

Question 3

Give 4 examples of inactivated vaccines.

Answer 3

Pertussis
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
Tetanus
Diphtheria

Question 4

What are adjuvants?

Answer 4

Substances added to the vaccine to enhance the antibody response

Question 5

What does the DTaP vaccine protect against?

Answer 5

Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis

Question 6

How would you investigate severity of infection in neonates? (3)

Answer 6

1. Ask parents about:
   a) Feeding/vomiting
   b) Crying (consolable/not?)
   c) Sleeping (too sleepy?)
   d) Smiling (social smile at 6 weeks)
2. Localising symptoms - NOT specific
3. Vital signs:
   a) HR 160+
   b) BP: hypotension

Question 7

How much should the average baby by feeding?

Answer 7

600ml (20 ounces) per day

3-4 oz. per hour

Question 8

How would you investigate severity of infection in older children? (2)

Answer 8

1. Ask parents about:
   a) Feeding
   b) Activity levels
   c) Drowsiness
2. Localising symptoms - very specific, may indicate cause