Infections (High Weighting Topics)

Question 1

Signs and symptoms of an infection

Answer 1

Fever or malaise, aches and pains
Pus, swelling or inflammation
Drowsiness in children
Confusion in elderly
Worsening renal function

Question 2

Clinical markers

Answer 2

Low blood pressure
Raised blood pressure
High ESC, C-reactive protein, temp, respiratory rate

Question 3

Can infections lower blood pressure and raise blood sugar levels

Answer 3

It can lower BP and raise blood glucose levels

Question 4

Tetracyclines are contraindicated with which age group

Answer 4

<12 years

Question 5

In penicillin allergic patients which classes should be avoided

Answer 5

Other beta lactams, such as mono act as and carbapenem

Question 6

Which antibiotics are contraindicated in renal impairment

Answer 6

Aminoglycosides ( gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin, neomycin) and glycopeptides (vancomycin)

Question 7

Which 2 antibiotics can cause cholestatic jaundice and should be used within caution in hepatic impairment

Answer 7

Co-amoxiclac and flucloxacillin

Question 8

Which antibiotics should not be used in pregnancy

Answer 8

Metronidazole
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

Question 9

Do broad spectrum antibiotics kill normal flora

Answer 9

Yes. Can give a probiotic

Question 10

What are the treatments for staphylococci, MRSA, Streptococci, Anaearobic bacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 10

Staph - Flucloxacillin
MRSA - Vancomycin, doxycycline,trimethoprim
Strep - benzylpenicillin or phenoxymethylpenicillin
Anaerobic - metronidazole
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - gentamicin

Question 11

Special counselling with Clindamycin

Answer 11

If diarrhoea is present stop immediately, it causes antibiotic associated colitis which can be fatal

Question 12

What is the dose for trimethoprim and what is it used for

Answer 12

Dose of trimethoprim is 200mg BD. Used in UTI. However, it is an antifolate meaning it is teratogenic in the first trimester the and can cause blood dyscrasias

Question 13

Gentamicin is an amiinoglycoside used in what

Answer 13

Treatment of severe sepsis. Treats gram negative aerobes

Question 14

Can gentamicin be given in pregnancy

Answer 14

Yes. But not for any other aminoglycoside

Question 15

Tetracyclines are broad or narrow spectrum

Answer 15

Broad spectrum. Most common is doxycycline

Question 16

Patient counselling with tetracyclines

Answer 16

Stop if headache or visual disturbances. Could be intercranial hypotension. Avoid exposure to sunlight/sunlamps ( for doxycline and demeclocycline. Avoid antacids 2 hours before or after taking

Question 17

Azithromycin is used to treat what

Answer 17

Chlamydia taken OD

Question 18

Cephalosporins are used to treat what

Answer 18

UTI in pregnancy when trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin can no be given. Don’t give in those with an immediate penicillin hypersensitivity.

Question 19

CAP treatment is 7 days

Answer 19

Mild severity is amoxicillin or clarithromycin

Question 20

Hap treatment is 7 days

Answer 20

Given co-amoxiclav

Question 21

Blind treatment of me GI local disease is

Answer 21

Benzylpenicillin. If CI then give chloramphenicol

Question 22

Impetigo treatment

Answer 22

Fusiliers acid

Question 23

Cellulitis

Answer 23

Flucloxacillin

Question 24

Animal and human bites

Answer 24

Co-amoxiclav or doxycycline

Question 25

MRSA treatment

Answer 25

Tetracycline

Question 26

Viral infection treatment

Answer 26

Accilovir

Question 27

Doxycycline as an anti malarial counselling points

Answer 27

needs to be taken 1-2 days before travel and 4 weeks after. Protect skin from sunlight avoid sun beds. Take with a full glasss of water while sitting or standing upright. Dont take same time as indigestion remedies