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Health > Infections/Diseases > Flashcards

Infections/Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What can rhinopheumonitis also be referred as?

A

EHV

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2
Q

Define rhinopneumonitis

A

upper respiratory infection; causing aborts or death (neurological EHV-1)

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3
Q

Symptoms of Rhinopneumonitis

CNN

A

cold-like but no coughing; severe runny nose that crusts; neurologic signs

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4
Q

Symptoms of influenza

DACFN

A

depression, loss of appetite, fever, runny nose w/white mucus, coughing

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5
Q

What is another name for Equine Encephalomyelitis?

A

sleeping sickness

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of EE?

A

Eastern (EEE), Western (WEE), Venezuelan (VEE)

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7
Q

How is EE transmitted?

A

carried by birds & transmitted by mosquito bites

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8
Q

Symptoms of EE

FDDWPD

A

fever, depression, drowsiness, walk-in circles/stand with head into the wall, paralyzation, death

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9
Q

How is west nile virus transmitted?

A

carried by birds & transmitted by mosquitos

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10
Q

West Nile Virus presents similarly to what other disease?

A

EE

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11
Q

Symptoms of west nile virus

NWTFP

A

neurologic, weakness, muscle twitching, high fever, paralyzation

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12
Q

How is Potomac Horse Fever transmitted?

A

through water insects via aquatic snails

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13
Q

Where is Potomac Horse Fever common?

A

Eastern US (i.e the Potomac River)

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14
Q

Symptoms of Potomac Horse Fever?

A

severe watery diarrhea –> severe laminitis, death

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15
Q

Describe rabies

A

viral disease affecting brain and nervous system

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16
Q

What is the fatality of horses with rabies?

A

always fatal

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17
Q

how is rabies transmitted?

A

saliva via bite wounds from an infected animal

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18
Q

Why is rabies difficult to diagnose, especially if it is such a serious and fatal disease?

A

symptoms vary greatly & take months to develop

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19
Q

Symptoms of rabies

BDADNP

A

bite, depression, inability to eat/drink, drooling, neurological, paralysis

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20
Q

Symptoms of rabies are similar to what two other diseases?

A

EE & West Nile Virus

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21
Q

What is another name for Equine Infectious Anemia?

A

Swamp Fever

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22
Q

Describe EIA

A

blood disease caused by a virus

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22
Q

Why is EIA so serious?

A

it is incurable & fatal

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23
Q

How is EIA transmitted?

A

blood (mosquito/fly/horse bites, needles)

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24
Q

What is the purpose of a Coggins test?

A

detects antibodies of EIA & carriers

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25
Q

If a horse tests positive for EIA, what does this mean?

A

they must be quarantined from other healthy horses for the rest of their life

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26
Q

Symptoms of EIA

FAWDG JSPP

A

fever, depression, sweating, loss of appetite, increasing weakness, jaundice, frequent peeing, staggering gait, paralysis

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27
Q

List the common communicable diseases

A

Strangles, Influenza, EE, EIA, West Nile Virus, Potomac Horse Fever, Rhinopheumonitis,

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28
Q

Describe Strangles

A

respiratory infection

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29
Q

Strangles can be a predisposition for what?

A

heart disease, pneumonia, internal abscesses

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30
Q

Influenza can be a predisposition for what?

A

pneumonia

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31
Q

Symptoms of strangles

NFDAMLA

A

thick nasal discharge, fever, depression, lack of appetite, mucus turns white then thick yellow, swollen lymph nodes, abscesses

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32
Q

What is another name for tetanus?

A

lockjaw

33
Q

Tetanus is often fatal because the bacteria grows in a what environment?

A

anaerobic

34
Q

Symptoms of tetanus

BSASJE

A

unusually tense & jumpy, sensitive to sound & light, can’t eat/drink normally, stand stiffly in one place, locked jaw, exposed third eyelid

35
Q

Describe botulism

A

toxin produced by bacteria in dead animals that can be found in hay

36
Q

Symptoms of botulism

WCCCRD

A

weak, uncoordinated, inability to chew/swallow, collapse, respiratory failure, death

37
Q

Describe anthrax

A

similar to botulism, bacterial spores within carcasses

38
Q

Symptoms of mild/early colic

A

stop eating/moving, looking at stomach, restless, pawing, curl upper lip, stretch like peeing, lie down & get up, slightly higher pulse

39
Q

Symptoms of serious colic

A

rolling, anxiety, pawing, kicking @ belly, sweating, higher pulse, heavy breathing, roll/thrashing

40
Q

Causes of colic?

A

overeating, excessive amount of grain, spoiled/unsuitable feed, sudden change of diet, working hard after eating, swallowing sad, damage to intestines from worms

41
Q

What are different names for tying up?

A

equine rhabdomyolysis, myositis, azoturia, Monday morning syndrome

42
Q

Define tying up

A

serious metabolic disorder affecting muscles

43
Q

What types of horses can be predisposed to tying up?

A

quarter horses, warmbloods, draft horses

44
Q

What is it called when tying up happens periodically with exercise?

A

recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER)

45
Q

Symptoms of tying up

SMSPVS(DA)

A

stiffness, short stride in hind, hard/tense/quivering muscles in hind, dark-colered pee, higher temp/pulse/respiration, sweating, distress, anxiety

46
Q

Describe laminitis

A

metabolic disorder that can cripple; inflammation of sensitive laminae inside feet

47
Q

what happens during a laminitis attack?

A

laminae tears loose & coffin bone sinks

48
Q

Cause of laminitis (attacks)?

A

overfeeding, obesity, dehydration, hormonal/electrolyte imbalance, colic, concussion, drugs, infection, exhaustion, toxic plants, placenta retention

49
Q

Who are more prone to laminitis?

A

ponies, overweight animals, older animals w/other metabolic diseases (ex cushings), hard work on hard ground

50
Q

Symptoms of laminitis

PFPF

A

severe pain, doesn’t want to walk, lie down & refuse to get up, stand w/hind leg drawn up under body & front legs forward, feet hot, hard pounding pulse in digital artery

51
Q

define foundered

A

laminae compromised, veins & arteries compressed, coffin bone rotate toward sole

52
Q

Define seedy toe

A

wall separates from sole @ toe w/soft, rotten horn in between

53
Q

Heaves is another name for what?

A

recurrent airway obstruction

54
Q

Describe heaves

A

breathing problem that is a type of allergic reaction to dust/mold; use abdominal muscles to push air from lungs

55
Q

(Potential) causes of tying up

A

exercise, dehydration, electrolyte depletion, alkaline blood PH, reduced oxygenation of muscles

56
Q

What is another name for Thrush?

A

pododermatitis

57
Q

symptoms of thrush

A

frog darkens, discolors, becomes spongy, smells; white/black discharge

58
Q

what causes thrush?

A

manure build-up, wet conditions, poor hoof care

59
Q

Define abscess

A

very common infection under sole

60
Q

What are other names for scratches?

A

mud fever, greasy heels, cracked heels, white pastern disease, dew poisoning

61
Q

describe scratches

A

chapped pasterns & bacterial & fungal infections

62
Q

symptoms of scratches

A

chapped pasterns, weeping red skin, oozed serums

63
Q

causes of scratches

A

caked-on manure/mud, sandy/abrasive soil, grit of training surface, rough stubble, urine-soaked & filthy bedding, sand & dirt between legs & boots/wraps, not drying legs

64
Q

Describe spasmodic colic

A

spasms of smooth intestine muscles

65
Q

causes of spasmodic colic

A

weather/barometric pressure changes, shipping, competition, toxic plants, blister beetles, organophosphate dewormers

66
Q

Describe impaction colic

A

dry intestinal contents from slow intestinal movement or insufficient water

67
Q

cause of impaction colic?

A

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, limited exercise, eating coarse food/bedding/foreign, enteroliths/heavy parasite infestation

68
Q

Symptoms of impaction colic

A

manure non-existent/dry/covered in mucus

69
Q

Describe gaseous colic

A

gas build up in intestine causing distending

70
Q

What happens to bacteria in a stagnant gut?

A

death of bacteria, releasing endotoxins –> shock/laminitis/death

71
Q

Describe intestinal displacement/torsion colic

A

loop of bowel moved to wrong spot/trapped/twisted

72
Q

Torsion vs volvulus

A 
torsion = large intestine twist
volvulvus = small intestine twist
73
Q

Describe sand colic

A

ingesting sand causes impaction, eroding intestinal lining

74
Q

define gastric ulcer syndrome

A

intermittent colic

75
Q

What are other names for roaring?

A

laryngeal hemiplegia, recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

76
Q

describe roaring

A

paralysis of vocal cord muscles from nerve damage

77
Q

Cause of roaring

A

exercise > paralyzed muscles partially bloc larynx > diminish air intake > roar

78
Q

Roaring is common in what and predisposed for what?

A

large breed horses; narrow jaws

79
Q

Describe ringworm

A

fungal infection making round, painless crusts that fall off leaving hairless patches

80
Q

Describe rain rot

A

skin infection appearing as crusts/raised tufts of hair on back & croup

Health (6 decks)

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