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Infections/Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What can rhinopheumonitis also be referred as?

A

EHV

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2
Q

Define rhinopneumonitis

A

upper respiratory infection; causing aborts or death (neurological EHV-1)

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3
Q

Symptoms of Rhinopneumonitis

CNN

A

cold-like but no coughing; severe runny nose that crusts; neurologic signs

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4
Q

Symptoms of influenza

DACFN

A

depression, loss of appetite, fever, runny nose w/white mucus, coughing

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5
Q

What is another name for Equine Encephalomyelitis?

A

sleeping sickness

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of EE?

A

Eastern (EEE), Western (WEE), Venezuelan (VEE)

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7
Q

How is EE transmitted?

A

carried by birds & transmitted by mosquito bites

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8
Q

Symptoms of EE

FDDWPD

A

fever, depression, drowsiness, walk-in circles/stand with head into the wall, paralyzation, death

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9
Q

How is west nile virus transmitted?

A

carried by birds & transmitted by mosquitos

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10
Q

West Nile Virus presents similarly to what other disease?

A

EE

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11
Q

Symptoms of west nile virus

NWTFP

A

neurologic, weakness, muscle twitching, high fever, paralyzation

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12
Q

How is Potomac Horse Fever transmitted?

A

through water insects via aquatic snails

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13
Q

Where is Potomac Horse Fever common?

A

Eastern US (i.e the Potomac River)

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14
Q

Symptoms of Potomac Horse Fever?

A

severe watery diarrhea –> severe laminitis, death

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15
Q

Describe rabies

A

viral disease affecting brain and nervous system

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16
Q

What is the fatality of horses with rabies?

A

always fatal

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17
Q

how is rabies transmitted?

A

saliva via bite wounds from an infected animal

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18
Q

Why is rabies difficult to diagnose, especially if it is such a serious and fatal disease?

A

symptoms vary greatly & take months to develop

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19
Q

Symptoms of rabies

BDADNP

A

bite, depression, inability to eat/drink, drooling, neurological, paralysis

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20
Q

Symptoms of rabies are similar to what two other diseases?

A

EE & West Nile Virus

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21
Q

What is another name for Equine Infectious Anemia?

A

Swamp Fever

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22
Q

Describe EIA

A

blood disease caused by a virus

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22
Q

Why is EIA so serious?

A

it is incurable & fatal

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23
Q

How is EIA transmitted?

A

blood (mosquito/fly/horse bites, needles)

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24
What is the purpose of a Coggins test?
detects antibodies of EIA & carriers
25
If a horse tests positive for EIA, what does this mean?
they must be quarantined from other healthy horses for the rest of their life
26
Symptoms of EIA FAWDG JSPP
fever, depression, sweating, loss of appetite, increasing weakness, jaundice, frequent peeing, staggering gait, paralysis
27
List the common communicable diseases
Strangles, Influenza, EE, EIA, West Nile Virus, Potomac Horse Fever, Rhinopheumonitis,
28
Describe Strangles
respiratory infection
29
Strangles can be a predisposition for what?
heart disease, pneumonia, internal abscesses
30
Influenza can be a predisposition for what?
pneumonia
31
Symptoms of strangles NFDAMLA
thick nasal discharge, fever, depression, lack of appetite, mucus turns white then thick yellow, swollen lymph nodes, abscesses
32
What is another name for tetanus?
lockjaw
33
Tetanus is often fatal because the bacteria grows in a what environment?
anaerobic
34
Symptoms of tetanus BSASJE
unusually tense & jumpy, sensitive to sound & light, can't eat/drink normally, stand stiffly in one place, locked jaw, exposed third eyelid
35
Describe botulism
toxin produced by bacteria in dead animals that can be found in hay
36
Symptoms of botulism WCCCRD
weak, uncoordinated, inability to chew/swallow, collapse, respiratory failure, death
37
Describe anthrax
similar to botulism, bacterial spores within carcasses
38
Symptoms of mild/early colic
stop eating/moving, looking at stomach, restless, pawing, curl upper lip, stretch like peeing, lie down & get up, slightly higher pulse
39
Symptoms of serious colic
rolling, anxiety, pawing, kicking @ belly, sweating, higher pulse, heavy breathing, roll/thrashing
40
Causes of colic?
overeating, excessive amount of grain, spoiled/unsuitable feed, sudden change of diet, working hard after eating, swallowing sad, damage to intestines from worms
41
What are different names for tying up?
equine rhabdomyolysis, myositis, azoturia, Monday morning syndrome
42
Define tying up
serious metabolic disorder affecting muscles
43
What types of horses can be predisposed to tying up?
quarter horses, warmbloods, draft horses
44
What is it called when tying up happens periodically with exercise?
recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER)
45
Symptoms of tying up SMSPVS(DA)
stiffness, short stride in hind, hard/tense/quivering muscles in hind, dark-colered pee, higher temp/pulse/respiration, sweating, distress, anxiety
46
Describe laminitis
metabolic disorder that can cripple; inflammation of sensitive laminae inside feet
47
what happens during a laminitis attack?
laminae tears loose & coffin bone sinks
48
Cause of laminitis (attacks)?
overfeeding, obesity, dehydration, hormonal/electrolyte imbalance, colic, concussion, drugs, infection, exhaustion, toxic plants, placenta retention
49
Who are more prone to laminitis?
ponies, overweight animals, older animals w/other metabolic diseases (ex cushings), hard work on hard ground
50
Symptoms of laminitis PFPF
severe pain, doesn't want to walk, lie down & refuse to get up, stand w/hind leg drawn up under body & front legs forward, feet hot, hard pounding pulse in digital artery
51
define foundered
laminae compromised, veins & arteries compressed, coffin bone rotate toward sole
52
Define seedy toe
wall separates from sole @ toe w/soft, rotten horn in between
53
Heaves is another name for what?
recurrent airway obstruction
54
Describe heaves
breathing problem that is a type of allergic reaction to dust/mold; use abdominal muscles to push air from lungs
55
(Potential) causes of tying up
exercise, dehydration, electrolyte depletion, alkaline blood PH, reduced oxygenation of muscles
56
What is another name for Thrush?
pododermatitis
57
symptoms of thrush
frog darkens, discolors, becomes spongy, smells; white/black discharge
58
what causes thrush?
manure build-up, wet conditions, poor hoof care
59
Define abscess
very common infection under sole
60
What are other names for scratches?
mud fever, greasy heels, cracked heels, white pastern disease, dew poisoning
61
describe scratches
chapped pasterns & bacterial & fungal infections
62
symptoms of scratches
chapped pasterns, weeping red skin, oozed serums
63
causes of scratches
caked-on manure/mud, sandy/abrasive soil, grit of training surface, rough stubble, urine-soaked & filthy bedding, sand & dirt between legs & boots/wraps, not drying legs
64
Describe spasmodic colic
spasms of smooth intestine muscles
65
causes of spasmodic colic
weather/barometric pressure changes, shipping, competition, toxic plants, blister beetles, organophosphate dewormers
66
Describe impaction colic
dry intestinal contents from slow intestinal movement or insufficient water
67
cause of impaction colic?
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, limited exercise, eating coarse food/bedding/foreign, enteroliths/heavy parasite infestation
68
Symptoms of impaction colic
manure non-existent/dry/covered in mucus
69
Describe gaseous colic
gas build up in intestine causing distending
70
What happens to bacteria in a stagnant gut?
death of bacteria, releasing endotoxins --> shock/laminitis/death
71
Describe intestinal displacement/torsion colic
loop of bowel moved to wrong spot/trapped/twisted
72
Torsion vs volvulus
``` torsion = large intestine twist volvulvus = small intestine twist ```
73
Describe sand colic
ingesting sand causes impaction, eroding intestinal lining
74
define gastric ulcer syndrome
intermittent colic
75
What are other names for roaring?
laryngeal hemiplegia, recurrent laryngeal neuropathy
76
describe roaring
paralysis of vocal cord muscles from nerve damage
77
Cause of roaring
exercise > paralyzed muscles partially bloc larynx > diminish air intake > roar
78
Roaring is common in what and predisposed for what?
large breed horses; narrow jaws
79
Describe ringworm
fungal infection making round, painless crusts that fall off leaving hairless patches
80
Describe rain rot
skin infection appearing as crusts/raised tufts of hair on back & croup

Health (6 decks)

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