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DI2 Final Firth > Infections and AVN > Flashcards

Infections and AVN Flashcards

1
Q

Infection of the skin.

A

Cellulitis

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2
Q

Infection of bone.

A

Osteomyelitis

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3
Q

Infection of joints.

A

Septic arthritis

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4
Q

Most common areas of infection in drug addicts.

A

“S” joints: Spine, SI joints, Symphysis pubis, SC joint

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5
Q

Most common infection.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

Most common route of administration.

A

Hematogenous

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7
Q

Gender and age bias of suppurative osteomyelitis.

A

Males aged 2-12

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8
Q

Most common locations of hematogenous spread.

A

Shoulder, hip, ankle, knee and spine

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9
Q

Two major categories of infection.

A

Suppurative (pus/staph) and Non-suppurative (TB)

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10
Q

4 radiographic stages.

A

Latent: 1-10 days
Early: 10-21 days
Middle: Weeks
Late: Months

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11
Q

One of the earliest radiographic signs that occurs in the early stage.

A

Soft tissue swelling

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12
Q

In what stage does permeative or moth-eaten destruction occur?

A

Middle

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13
Q

Least aggressive pattern of bone destruction.

A

Geographic

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14
Q

Most aggressive pattern of bone destruction.

A

Permeative

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15
Q

Chalky, white area representing dead bone.

A

Sequestrum

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16
Q

“Bony collar” or chronic periosteal response where pus lifts the periosteum, causing new bone formation.

A

Involucrum

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17
Q

The ulcerative channel with malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma within the cloaca.

A

Marjolin’s ulcer

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18
Q

Localized form of suppurative osteomyelitis that resembles an osteoid osteoma.

A

Brodies Abscess

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19
Q

Difference between tumor and infection in respect to growth plates.

A

Tumor: Respects growth plates, deflects fascial planes
Infection: Ain’t got no respect for GPs or joint spaces

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20
Q

Joint effusion, erosion, lytic destruction and juxtaarticular osteoporosis are all descriptors of?

A

Septic arthritis

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21
Q

Teardrop distance

A

> 11mm

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22
Q

Clinical impression of unilateral sacroiliitis? Bilateral?

A

Unilateral: Infection
Bilateral: AS

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23
Q

Most common age range for spinal infections.

A

> 20 years

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24
Q

Most common location of spinal infections.

A

Lumbar spine

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25
Q

Most common location of spinal infection in drug users.

A

SI joints

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26
Q

Sensitivity of plain films for osteomyelitis.

A

< 5%: Abnormal on presentation
< 33%: Positive for findings at 1 week
90% sensitivity at 3-4 weeks

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27
Q

Which test often follows MRI to evaluate soft tissue?

A

Bone scintigraphy

28
Q

Which type of imaging is more sensitive for bone marrow pathologies?

A

MRI

29
Q

Osteomyelitis findings on MRI.

A

Decreased signal on T1; Increased signal on T2

30
Q

What is white on T1? T2?

A

T1: Fat white
T2: Water white

31
Q

TB of the spine.

A

Pott’s disease

32
Q

Most common cause of infection-related death worldwide.

A

TB

33
Q

Most common location of secondary TB.

A

Spine T/L junction

34
Q

Phemister’s Triad.

A

Juxtarticular osteoporosis, Marginal erosions, Slow joint space loss

35
Q

Most common location for AVN.

A

Femur and humeral heads

36
Q

4 stages of AVN.

A

Avascular, Revascularization, Repair, Deformity

37
Q

Radiographic features of AVN.

A

Collapse of articular cortex, Fragmentation, Mottled trabecular pattern, Sclerosis, Subchondral cysts and Subchondral fx

38
Q

Which signs are present when subchondral fractures are observed?

A

Rim sign and Crescent sign

39
Q

Gender and age bias of AVN.

A

Males aged 30-70

40
Q

AVN of the femur head is also known as?

A

“Chandler’s disease”

41
Q

“Bite sign” is associated with?

A

AVN of the femur head

42
Q

List all signs of AVN.

A

Snow cap sign, Crescent/Rim sign, Mushroom deformity and Hanging rope sign

43
Q

Which sign of AVN is apparent during the repair phase?

A

Snow cap sign

44
Q

Which sign of AVN is apparent during the healed phase?

A

Hanging rope sign

45
Q

Which sign is apparent during the avascular/destructive phase?

A

Crescent/Rim sign

46
Q

AVN of the femoral capital epiphysis before closure.

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

47
Q

Treatment for LCP disease.

A

Self-limiting; resolves in 2-8 years

48
Q

Gender and age bias for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

A

Males 4-8 years old

49
Q

What Roentgenometric finding is most common in LCP?

A

Increased Teardrop distance

50
Q

Gender and age bias of Osteochondritis Dissecans.

A

Males age 11-20 years

51
Q

Most common location of osteochondritis dissecans.

A

Knee (medial femoral condyle)

52
Q

Idiopathic AVN of the knee that is more common in females.

A

SONK

53
Q

What is an associated injury with SONK?

A

Medial meniscal lesions

54
Q

Age and gender bias of Osgood-Schlatter’s disease.

A

Males aged 11-15 years

55
Q

Disease that involves the inferior pole of the patella.

A

Sindig-Larsen-Johanssen disease

56
Q

AVN of the metatarsal heads. Which MT head is most common?

A

Freiberg’s disease; MTP 2 is MC

57
Q

Age and gender bias of Freiberg’s disease. Why?

A

MC in females aged 20-40 due to high heeled shoes

58
Q

AVN of the lunate.

A

Kienbock’s disease

59
Q

Age and gender bias of Keinbock’s disease.

A

Males aged 20-40

60
Q

Possible treatment for Keinbock’s.

A

Silastic implants

61
Q

Vascular insufficiency with localized pain and swelling of the tarsal navicular.

A

Kohler’s disease

62
Q

Scheuermann’s disease is also known as:

A

Juvenile discogenic disease

63
Q

How many contiguous vertebra are needed to diagnose JDD?

A

3

64
Q

Looks like a crescent sign in the calcaneus.

A

Sever’s disease

65
Q

A calcified medullary infarct is usually associated with what?

A

Arteriosclerosis

DI2 Final Firth (2 decks)

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