Infections Flashcards
Osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus aureus
Croup
Parainfluenza virus
Broncholitis
RSV
Meningitis
0-4 weeks: listeria, group B strept, E coli
1 month - 1 yrs: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b
1month - 3 months: All
bacterial meningitis
Low glucose, WBC mainly polymorphnuclearcells PMN
viral meningitis
normal glucose, WBC mainly monocytes
partially treated meningitis
mononuclear cells predominate
TB meningitis
lymphocytes predominate
fungal meningitis
mononuclear cells predominate, not very high protein and WBC
What antibiotics are used to treat patients from age 0-4 weeks?
Ampicillin & Gentamicin
These antibiotics are typically chosen for their effectiveness in treating infections in neonates.
What are the antibiotic options for patients aged 1 month to 3 months?
Cefotaxime & Ampicillin or Cefotaxime & Vancomycin
These combinations are used to cover a broader range of potential pathogens.
What antibiotics are indicated for patients aged 3 months and above?
Ceftriaxone and Vancomycin
This combination is effective for treating infections in older infants and children.
What is a key requirement for the antibiotics used in treating these patients?
ABx should cross blood-brain barrier
This is crucial for treating infections that may affect the central nervous system.
What is the main treatment for Osteomyelitis?
Using Antibiotics
Antibiotics are essential in managing osteomyelitis.
Name three antibiotics used to treat Osteomyelitis.
- Cefazolin
- Oxacillin
- Vancomycin
These antibiotics are commonly prescribed based on the type of infection.
How long should antibiotics be used for acute Osteomyelitis?
4-6 weeks
Duration of treatment varies depending on the type of osteomyelitis.
How long should antibiotics be used for chronic Osteomyelitis?
6 months
Chronic cases require a longer duration of antibiotic therapy.
Cellulitis
caused by streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus. mainly infect the dermis & subcutaneous fat
What is the recommended treatment for cellulitis without abscess?
Penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillin (Cloxacillin) or a first-generation cephalosporin (Cephazolin)
Cloxacillin is effective against penicillin-resistant strains.
What should be done if cellulitis presents with an abscess?
The abscess needs to be drained
Draining the abscess is essential for effective treatment.
Candidiasis trx
clotrimazole, fluconazole x 7d
Tenia capitis
caused by trichophyton tonsurans.
tr:
Grisofulvin (6-8wk)
terbenafin (4-6wks)
