Infections Flashcards
Give examples of bacterial infection
- Impetigo
- Syphilis
What is impetigo
A superficial infection of the skin by staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes
How can impetigo be classified
non-bullous or bullou
How does non bullous impetigo present
Erosion, cluster of erosions or small vesicles or pustules that have an adherent or oozing honey yellow crust
What is non bullous impetigo usually caused by
staphylococci or streptococci
How does bullous impetigo present
As a large thin walled bull (2.5cm) containing yellow serous fluid
These can rupture leaving a complete or partially denuded area with a ring or arc remaining bulla
What is bullous impetigo caused by
almost always caused by S. aureus.
Where is impetigo commonly seen
On the face especially around the nostrils
How do we manage impetigo
Topical muporicin may be given for localised disease,
Widespread involvement an oral antibiotic eg cephalexin, dicloxacillin or erythromycin is effective.
What is syphilis
A sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum
What is syphilis characterised by
Several stages:
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
What lesion is primary syphilis associated wit
A chancre
Where does the chancre in primary syphilis form
At the site of penetration of the bacterium into the mucosa after 3-4 weeks usually genitalia but can occur in the oral mucosa in about 10% of cases
Name the most frequent sites for an oral chancre due to primary syphilis to form
- Lips
- Tongue
- Palate (rare)
- Tonsillar area (Rare)
Describe a chancre
Starts as a solitary firm nodule that soon erodes leaving a painless ulcer with raised border and indurated base
How do we manage a chancre
If not treated, the chancre heals spontaneously without scarring in 3–8 weeks.
When does secondary syphilis deveop
1-4 months after infection
List some of the symptoms of secondary syphilis
- Low grade fever
- Malaise
- pharyngitis,
- loss of appetite,
- weight loss,
- polyarthralgias
- myalgias,
- generalised lymphadenopathy with splenomegaly
Give examples of Mucocutaeneous manifestations of secondary syphilis
Variable skin rash symmetrical and generalised, consisting of several small erythematous macules and papules on the face, trunk, palms, soles and genital regions
When does tertiary syphilis develop
4-7 years or more
What is the characteristic lesion of tertiary syphilis
Local destructive granuloma called a ‘gumma’ or a glossitis with mucosal atrophy, which may undergo malignant transformation
How do Gummas appear
As painless swellings which undergo necrosis leaving indolent deep ulcers
Where do gummas frequent form in the oral mucosa
On the palate, perforating the hard palate
Give examples of immunologically mediated skin diseases
- Lichen planus
- Psoriasis
- Lupus erythematosus
- Scleroderma
- Dermatomyositis
- Erythema multiforme
- Acquired bullous disease
- Dermatitis
- Eczema
What is lichen planus
An inflammatory mucocutaneous condition
