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Infections > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Meningococcal sepsis
Virulence factors: Lipopolysaccharide
Commensal of the nasopharynx

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

UTIs, Peritonitis, neonatal meningitidis

Commensal at the colon (fecal - perineal route)

A

Escherichia coli

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3
Q

Commensal of the skin
MRSA
Skin abscess

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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4
Q

Commensal of the skin

Forms slime - very difficult to remove

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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5
Q

Group A, B - haemolytic
Common cause of bacterial pharyngitis/tonsillitis
Virulence factors
- Hyaluronic acid capsule
- M protein
- Streptokinase (breaks down blood clots)

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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6
Q 
Commensal at the colon
Associated with antibiotic usage
Sporulating - very difficult to remove 
Virulence factors:
- Toxin A (enterotoxin) - diarrhoea 
- Toxin B (cytotoxin)
A

Clostridium difficile

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7
Q

Community acquired pneumonia
Polysaccharide capsule
Encapsulated

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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8
Q

Oral commensal
Alpha haemolytic usually
Tooth decay
Bacterial endocarditis

A

Viridans streptococci

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9
Q

Associated with children and pneumonia

Nasopharyngeal commensal in certain disease free individuals

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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10
Q

Causes typhoid or enteric fever
Travel related infection (fecal-oral route)
Drinking contaminated water

A

Salmonella typhi

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11
Q

Causes legionnaire’s disease or legionellosis
Air droplet mode of transmission
Causes acute lobar pneumonia

A

Legionella pneumophila

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12
Q 
Double stranded DNA, enveloped virus
Infects B cells
Splenomegaly
Cold like symptoms 
Gastric lymphoma
Burkit’s lymphoma
A

Epstein-Barr virus

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13
Q

First presentation as chickenpox
Enveloped double stranded DNA virus
Reappears as shingles on a single dermatome
Immunocompromised

A

Varicella zoster

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14
Q 
Double stranded DNA
Enveloped
Fatigue; loss of appetite; abdominal pain; nausea
Jaundice
Blood-borne virus 
6 weeks - 6 months
After 6 months chronic infection
ALT; ALP; bilirubin all raised
A

Hepatitis B

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15
Q

Blood borne viruses
80% chronically infected
Mostly asymptomatic
- fatigue, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain

A

Hepatitis C

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16
Q

Single stranded RNA, enveloped, retrovirus

Opportunistic illnesses:

  • oral candidiasis
  • kaposis sarcoma
  • pneumocystis pneumonia
A

HIV

17
Q

Double stranded DNA, non-enveloped
Replicates in endothelial cells
Conjunctivitis, sore throat, fever, cough

A

Adenovirus

18
Q

Winter vomiting bug
Single stranded RNA, non-enveloped
Fecal - oral route, low viral load required to cause infection

A

Norovirus

19
Q

Parasite
Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
(RBC destruction -> increased bilirubin and thus Jaundice)

A

Plasmodium falciparum

20
Q

Fungi - mould
Opportunistic infection
Commensal of vagina, mouth

A

Candida albicans

21
Q

Fungi
Acute infection of the lungs
Opportunistic

A

Aspergillous

22
Q

Severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of skin
Bacteria enter break/crack in skin

A

Cellulitis

23
Q

Peritonsillar abscess
Rheumatic fever
Necrotising fasciitis
Erysipelas

A

Tonsillitis

Streptococcus pyogenes

24
Q

Pneumonia, intra abdominal
Urinary sepsis
Skin and soft tissue infections

Affects CVS, resp, CNS, liver, GI tract
Normal immune response becomes exaggerated so patient is damaged by own immune system

A

Sepsis - Neisseria meningitidis

- gram -ve diplococci

25
Q

Female
Dysuria - pain when passing urine
Polyuria
Commensal of the colon displaced

Nitrates found in urine
Fecal contamination or direct contact

A

UTI - E.Coli

Gram -ve rods

26
Q 
Commensal in vaginal flora
Yeast overgrowth
Vaginal thrush
Itching and burning pain
White discharge
A

UTI 2

Candida Albicans

27
Q

Varicella zoster reactivation
Usually latent in ganglia of cutaneous nerves
1 in 5 childhood reactivation

A

Shingles

28
Q 
Gram -ve coccbacilli
Nasopharyngeal commensal in some
Opportunistic infection
Mostly associated with children
Cough up sputum
A

Pneumonia - Haemophilus influenzae

29
Q 
Gram +ve bacilli
Anaerobes
Minor component of normal flora at colon
Associated with antibiotic usage
Sporulating - resistant to heat/acid/antibiotics
Identified through stools
A

Profuse Diarrhoea - Clostridium difficille

30
Q 
Gram +ve cocci in chains
Commensalism of the mouth 
Upper right sterna border at the 2nd right intercostal space
Systolic murmur
Poor state of teeth
Vegetation growth
A

Aortic valve stenosis/Endocarditis - Viridans streptococci

31
Q

Bronchitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis

Infections (4 decks)

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