Infection Test

Question 1

Infection control

Answer 1

Microorganisms are everywhere
Some are pathogens-disease causing and some are nonpathogens

Cannot see without a microscope

Question 2

Microorganism

Answer 2

Also called microbes
Small living organism not visible to naked eye
Some part of normal flora of body and are beneficial-may be beneficial in one part of body but harmful in another ie E. coli found in large intestine-causes UTI if in urinary system

Question 3

Microbes

Answer 3

Pathogens-disease causing (germs)

Non pathogens-non disease causing

Question 4

Pathogenic and non pathogenic organisms

Answer 4

Pathogenic-disease producing 
Non pathogenic-aka "good" organisms 
-used to make buttermilk 
-ferment grain to produce alcohol 
-to make bread rise 
Also decompose organic materials in nature

Question 5

Pathogenic organisms

Answer 5

E. Coli or escherichia coli-
Cause food poisoning and death
Occurs when meat being cut up-organisms from the colon can come in contact with other parts of the beef
This is why you need to cook your meat until it reaches temp of 160

Question 6

Classes of microorganisms

Answer 6

Bacteria

• simple one celled organism
• multiply quickly
• classified by shape and arrangement

Question 7

Bacteria

Answer 7

Cocci

• round or spherical
• if in pairs called diplococci
• cause gonorrhea, meningitis, pneumonia
• if occur in chains called streptococci
• strep throat, rheumatic fever

Question 8

Bacteria

Answer 8

Occur in clusters or groups called staphylococci
Staph most common pyogenic or pus producing microorganisms
Cause boils, wound infections and toxic shock syndrome TSS

Question 9

Bacilli

Answer 9

Rod shaped bacteria
Occur singly, in pairs or chains
Many have flagella or threadlike projections similar to tails for movement

Have ability to produce spores which are thick walled capsules when growth conditions are poor

Question 10

Bacilli

Answer 10

In spore form extremely hard to kill

Causes TB, tetanus pertussis(whooping cough)botulism etc

Question 11

Spirilla

Answer 11

Spiral or corkscrew shaped

Cause syphilis and cholera

Question 12

Bacteria

Answer 12

ATBS work for most
Now have many drug resistant bacteria
MRSA/VRE

MRSA-methicillin resistant staphy coccus aurous
VRE-vancomycin resistant enterococci

Question 13

Protozoa

Answer 13

One celled animal like organisms
Often found in decayed material and contaminated water
Many have flagella for movement
Some are pathogenic
Cause malaria, amebic dysentery, African sleeping sickness

Question 14

Fungi

Answer 14

A low form of plant life
Simple plant like organisms
Live on dead organic matter
Include molds and yeast which can be pathogenic
Cause athletes foot, thrush,vaginitis, ringworm and serious lung diseases

Question 15

Fungi

Answer 15

Treated with anti fungal agents
ATBS won’t work
Meds expensive and if taken internally may damage liver

Question 16

Rickettsiae

Answer 16

Are parasites that live in lice, fleas, ticks and mites
Cannot live outside cells of another living organism
Transferred when person bitten
Cause most of worlds worst epidemics such as typhys, spotted fever
Prevention: control rodents and insects
ATBS for treatment

Question 17

Viruses

Answer 17

Smallest microorganism
Visible only with electron microscope
Cannot grow until takes over a living cell
Spread from person to person in blood and other body fids
Cause of common cold and many URIS

Question 18

Viruses

Answer 18

Hard to kill as resistant to many disinfectants
ATBs won’t work

Cause common cold, chicken pox, smallpox, measles, influenza, warts, polio, and fever blisters
AIDS ONE OF THE MOST SERIOUS

Question 19

Three viruses of major concern

Answer 19

Hep b
Hep C
AIDS

Question 20

Hepatitis B

Answer 20

Aka serum hepatitis
Caused by hep B virus or HBV
Spread by blood, serum and other body flds
Affects liver and can lead to destruction and scarring of liver cells

Vaccine-3 injections over 6 month period-must complete entire series to be protected
Nonresponder

Question 21

Hepatitis B

Answer 21

Vaccine must be offered to new employee within 10 days of being hired AT NO COST
EMPLOYEE CAN DECLINE- sign waiver-can change mind at any time

Question 22

Hepatitis C

Answer 22

Caused by hepatitis C virus or HCV
Transmitted by blood or blood containing body fluids
May be asymmetric or have mild sxs and be diagnosed as having flu
Causes serious liver damage
No vaccine at present-one being developed

Question 23

Sovaldi

Answer 23

Tx for HCV
$1000.00/pill
Treatment normally 12 months and $84,000.000

Sovaldi must be given in combination with other antiviral medications and should not be used alone

Question 24

Hep B and C

Answer 24

Can remain live in dried blood on inanimate objects for up to 2 weeks (not 2 days as bk says)

Very hard to kill

Question 25

AIDS-acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Answer 25

Caused by HIV Virus suppresses immune system
Cannot fight off many cancers and infections that would not affect a healthy person
No cure and no vaccines
Must take MANY meds to tx, sxs and SLOW progress of disease

Question 26

HBV, HCV, AND HIV SPREAD THROUGH

Answer 26

blood and body flds
Direct injection with contaminated needle that punctures the skin
Contact of infected body flds with mucous membranes such as eyes, mouth(inside)
Pregnancy-transferred to newborn
Some are aerobic
Some are anaerobic

Question 27

Classifications of infections and diseases

Answer 27

1: endogenous- the infection or disease originates within the body- tumors, congenital abnormalities, infections w/in the body
2: exogenous-originates outside of body
3: nosocomial infections
4: opportunistic infections- occur when body’s defenses are weak

Question 28

The chain of infection

As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two facts about infection

Answer 28

There are six links in the chain of infection

Question 29

Links in chain of infection

Answer 29

1st pathogen 
2nd reservoir host
(Some hosts)
-bed pans
-urinals 
3rd the portal of exit
4th mode of transmission 
5th portal of entry
6th the susceptible host
(Babies, elderly, burn pts)

Question 30

Asepsis

Answer 30

Hlth care facilities ALWAYS contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms
Pathogens brought in by pts. Visitors and staff
Facility must fight this through medical asepsis to destroy the environment that allows pathogens to live, breed and spread

Question 31

Aseptic technique

Answer 31

Methods facility uses to make pt, staff and environment as germ free as possible 
Includes staff having good hygiene 
-proper handling of equipment 
-use sterile technique when needed
   **** handwashing ****
Good personal hygiene 
PPE
Proper cleaning equipment and instruments 
Thorough cleaning of equipment

Question 32

Antisepsis

Answer 32

Aseptic control that inhabits, retards growth of or kills pathogenic organisms
Is it effective with spores and viruses
Usually used on skin- alcohol/betadine

Question 33

Disinfection

Answer 33

Process that kills or destroys pathogenic organisms
Not always effective with spores/viruses
Can irate/damage skin
Mainly used on objects- chemicals

Question 34

Sterilization

Answer 34

Destroys ALL microorganisms-includes spores and viruses

Steam under pressure, gas, radiation, and chemicals can be used for sterilization

Question 35

Bloodborne pathogen standard

Answer 35

One of main ways pathogens spread is by blood/body flds 
Major concern
-hep B
-hep C
-HIV which causes AIDS

Question 36

Anthrax

Answer 36

Infectious- caused by spores of bacteria called bacillus anthracis
Spores very resistant to destruction and can live for years in soil