Infection & Shock Flashcards
1
Q
Innate Immunity
A
- Innate = born with
- AKA natural or native immunity
- General and non-specific (does not differentiate between types of pathogens)
- First line of defence (physical, chemical, and cellular defences out into place before infection)
- Barriers (skin, mucous membranes), phagocytes, inflammation, fever - Rapid response (minutes/hours)
- Response is similar with each exposure
- WBC; phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils), innate lymphoid cells (natural killer cells), dendritic cells
2
Q
Adaptive Immunity
A
- AKA specific or acquired immunity
- Second line of defence (cell killing, tagging of antigen by antibody for removal)
- Responds less rapidly than innate immunity but it more effective
- Slower response (days/weeks)
- Focused on recognition of each type of antigen
- Immunologic memory; more rapid and efficient response with subsequent exposure
- T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells
3
Q
Major Components of Innate Immunity
A
- Skin and mucous membranes
- Phagocytic cells (mainly neutrophils and macrophages)
- Specialized innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that include natural killer cells (NK cells)
- Several plasma proteins
- Rapid response (usually within minutes-hours), prevents the establishment of infection and deeper tissue penetration of microorganisms