Infection & Shock Flashcards

1
Q

Innate Immunity

A
  • Innate = born with
  • AKA natural or native immunity
  • General and non-specific (does not differentiate between types of pathogens)
  • First line of defence (physical, chemical, and cellular defences out into place before infection)
    - Barriers (skin, mucous membranes), phagocytes, inflammation, fever
  • Rapid response (minutes/hours)
  • Response is similar with each exposure
  • WBC; phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils), innate lymphoid cells (natural killer cells), dendritic cells
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2
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A
  • AKA specific or acquired immunity
  • Second line of defence (cell killing, tagging of antigen by antibody for removal)
  • Responds less rapidly than innate immunity but it more effective
  • Slower response (days/weeks)
  • Focused on recognition of each type of antigen
  • Immunologic memory; more rapid and efficient response with subsequent exposure
  • T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells
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3
Q

Major Components of Innate Immunity

A
  • Skin and mucous membranes
  • Phagocytic cells (mainly neutrophils and macrophages)
  • Specialized innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that include natural killer cells (NK cells)
  • Several plasma proteins
  • Rapid response (usually within minutes-hours), prevents the establishment of infection and deeper tissue penetration of microorganisms
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