infection prevention and control Flashcards
oitline some currect strategies for health-aquired infections used to reduce infection on wards.
5 movements hand hygiene:
- before touching patient
- before clean/aseptic procedure
- after body fluid exposure risk
- after touching a patient
- after touching patient surroundings
effective hand hygeine
always wearing appropriate PPE and being bare below elbow
disposal of sharps appropriately
name the important bacteria, viruses and other which come up alot on hospital infections.
Bacteria
Methicillin resistant S.aureus
Clostridium difficile
Multi-drug resistant gram negatives
Glycopeptide resistant enterococci
Group A streptococcus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Viruses
Influenza
Norovirus
SARS-CoV-2
HIV
Hep B
Hep C
Varicella Zoster Virus
Viral haemorrhagic fevers
Other
Candida Auris
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
outline how we prevent and control infections.
- identify risks from patients, staff, envoronment
- ensure staff and studen are aware of the risks and what to do
- develop strategies to reduce those risks
- policy development
- audit
when identifying risks in attempts to prevent infection, what does this consist of.
- think how the organisms transmit
- ease of spread
- liklihood of causing infection
- consequence od infection if it occurs
- risk factors eg travelling
- identify pathogens through screening
- clinical diagnosis
- lab diagnosis
outline examples of cases and outbreaks.
CPEs
MRSA
Norovirus
Clostridiumdifficile
Endogenous infections
what are CPEs?
carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae
Include E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Serratia, Enterobacter
Colonisers of large bowel, skin below waist and moist sites
Most common causes of UTI, intra-abdominal infection
Historically, the vast majority of these germs were susceptible to the antibiotics that we currently use with Gram negative infection
outline what is carbapenemase.
Enzyme which inactivates carbapenem antibiotics
Carbapenems are one of the broadest spectrum antibiotics available
Previously used as the antibiotic of last resort, now commonly used
MRSA
- Staph aureus
- a common skin and nasal commensal
- Most strains are susceptible to flucloxacillin (and other beta-lactam antibiotics)
norovirus
symptoms:
- uncontrolled diarrhoea and vomitting
- high infection rates amung close contacts
- shorted lived immunilogical memory - may not even be immune for a year after infection
- able to persist in environement
- relavtely resistant to conventional cleaning
Clostridium difficile
- produces bacterial spores
- prolongued hospital stays means more antibiotics making you more suseptable for C. difficule
- can lead to toxic megacolon if left untreated
what is meant by endogenous infections.
Infections caused by patients own bacterial flora
Important in hospitalised patients, especially those with invasive devices or surgical patients
name ways in which we prevent endogenous HCAI.
Good nutrition and hydration
Antisepsis/skin prep where indicated
Good theatre practice
Remove lines and catheters as soon as clinically possible
Change from IV to oral treatment whenever appropriate
