Infection of the CNS questions

Question 1

What is the name of the infection between the pia mater and arachnoid called?

Answer 1

Fill in

Question 2

What is another name for a brain abscess?

Answer 2

Cerebral abscess or CNS abscess

Question 3

What is a brain abscess?

Answer 3

A brain abscess is a collection of pus, immune cells, and other material in the brain, usually from a bacterial or fungal infection.

Question 4

Where would you find a subdural empyema (empyema= collection of pus in a cavity of the body)

Answer 4

Between the dura and arachnoid mater

Question 5

Meningitis in a child is often caused by what?

Answer 5

Viral Meningitis: Enteroviruses

Question 6

Meningitis in adults is often caused by what?

Answer 6

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis

Question 7

What are the symptoms of meningitis?

Answer 7

• Sudden high fever
• Severe headache that isn’t easily confused with other types of headache
• Stiff neck
• Vomiting or nausea with headache
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Seizures
• Sleepiness or difficulty waking up
• Sensitivity to light
• Lack of interest in drinking and eating
• Skin rash in some cases, such as in meningococcal meningitis

Question 8

What does the word contagion mean?

Answer 8

the communication of disease from one person to another by close contact.

Question 9

What are the two types of meningitis and what is the most deadly?

Answer 9

Viral and Bacterial. Bacterial is most deadly.

Question 10

How do you diagnose meningitis?

Answer 10

Lumbar puncture

Question 11

What are the EEG findings of a patient with meningitis?

Answer 11

Generalized slowing in most cases. HSV (herpes simplex) would show temporal discharges

Question 12

What is the most common cause for brain abscess?

Answer 12

The most common causes of a brain abscess, also known as a cerebral abscess, are bacteria or fungi infecting part of the brain.

Question 13

Where would the cause for brain abscess originate?

Answer 13

.

Question 14

The most common bacteria recovered from cultures are _________.

Answer 14

Streptococcus cocci.

Question 15

What are the causes of encephalitis? Are seizures a result?

Answer 15

Encephalitis can develop as a result of a direct infection to the brain by a virus, bacterium or fungus. Yes, it can cause seizures.

Question 16

Define encephalitis

Answer 16

Encephalitis is acute inflammation (swelling up) of the brain resulting either from a viral infection or when the body’s own immune system mistakenly attacks brain tissue. The most common cause is a viral infection. In medicine acute means it comes on abruptly; of abrupt onset, develops rapidly, and usually requires urgent care.

Question 17

What part of the brain is Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) found?

Answer 17

Temporal lobe

Question 18

EEG with HSV would show?

Answer 18

uni- or bilateral periodic sharp waves or attenuation of amplitude, focal or generalized slow waves or epileptiform discharges, or electrical seizures. No specific EEG patterns are pathognomonic for HSE, but a focal or lateralized EEG abnormality in the presence of encephalitis is highly suspicious of HSE.

Question 19

How is HSV introduced into the body’s system?

Answer 19

broken skin or a mucous membrane, such as inside the mouth or in the genital area. In addition to the fluid from fever blisters, each virus can be carried in bodily fluids like saliva, semen, and fluid in the female genital tract.

Question 20

What is leukoencephalopathy?

Answer 20

neurological disorder characterized by destruction of cells that produce the myelin.

Question 21

Leuko means?

Answer 21

White, colorless

Question 22

What is Reye’s syndrome?

Answer 22

Reye syndrome is sudden (acute) brain damage and liver function problems of unknown cause.

The syndrome has occurred in children who have been given aspirin when they have chicken pox or the flu.