Infection/Immune

Question 1

Neutrophil function

Answer 1

Mature neutrophils perform phagocytosis

Question 2

Basophils

Answer 2

Stimulate inflammation and allergic reactions. Prevents blood clotting

Question 3

Eosinophils

Answer 3

Prolongs inflammatory response.

Good at fighting parasites

Question 4

Tissue mast cells

Answer 4

Prolong general and allergic inflammation

Question 5

3 stages of inflammation

Answer 5

1. Vasodilation: edema, warmth, redness
2. Exudate stage: pus with dead WBCs
3. Tissue repair and replacement

Question 6

Stage 1 HIV

Answer 6

CD4-T count >500

No AIDS

Question 7

Stage 2 HIV

Answer 7

CD4-T count 200-499. No AIDS

Question 8

Stage 3 HIV

Answer 8

CD4-T count less than 200 and/or

AIDS present

Question 9

What is a sign of infection that is often present first in older adults?

Answer 9

Change in consciousness or orientation

Question 10

Hypersensitivity

Answer 10

Overactive immunity with excessive inflammation

Question 11

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 11

Rapid hypersensitivity.

Excessive vasodilation from excessive IgE and histamine release

Question 12

Examples of type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 12

Angioedema, anaphylaxis, allergic asthma

Question 13

Type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 13

Cytotoxic reaction in which the body destroys self cells

Question 14

Examples of type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 14

Hemolytic anemia, hemolytic infusion reaction.

Question 15

Type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 15

Immune complex mediated reaction. Attacks connective tissue and blood vessels

Question 16

Type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 16

Delayed reaction by the T cells. Stays local

Question 17

Examples of type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 17

Most autoimmune diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, lupus

Question 18

Examples of type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 18

PPD reaction, poison ivy, graft rejection

Question 19

What hypersensitivity can be treated with plasmapheresis?

Answer 19

Type 2 cytotoxic cell mediated hypersensitivity

Question 20

Treatment for angioedema?

Answer 20

Epinephrine and corticosteroids

Question 21

What is the first line drug for anaphylaxis?

Answer 21

Epinephrine

Question 22

Fatigue, butterfly rash, body aches are symptoms of what

Answer 22

Lupus

Question 23

What kind of drug is methotrexate?

Answer 23

It’s an immunosuppressant cytotoxic drug

Question 24

What kind of drug is promethazine?

Answer 24

1st gen antihistamine

Question 25

What kind of drug is loratadine?

Answer 25

2nd gen antihistamine

Question 26

What kind of drug is cetirizine?

Answer 26

2nd gen antihistamine

Question 27

What kind of medication is diclofenac?

Answer 27

1st gen NSAID

Question 28

What kind of medication is meloxicam?

Answer 28

1st gen NSAID

Question 29

What kind of medication is nabumetone?

Answer 29

1st gen NSAID

Question 30

What kind of medication is celecoxib?

Answer 30

2nd gen NSAID

Question 31

Signs of early HIV infection?

Answer 31

Flu like, non specific symptoms: | Body aches, chills, fever, night sweats

Question 32

HIV post exposure prophylaxis

Answer 32

cART: Start within 36 hours

Question 33

What is cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 33

Intestinal infection that can occur in someone infected with HIV

Question 34

What is important to note about tb testing of someone with HIV?

Answer 34

They may have a false negative test due to anergy: an inadequate immune response

Question 35

What is PrEP?

Answer 35

Pre-exposure prophylaxis that must be taken once daily for individuals at high risk

Question 36

What is the most common malignancy for individuals with HIV?

Answer 36

Kaposi’s sarcoma: skin lesions

Question 37

what is the effect of an overdose of acetaminophen?

Answer 37

liver damage

Question 38

what are the adverse effects of NSAIDs?

Answer 38

gastric ulcers, bleeding, renal impairment

Question 39

what is the purpose of a peak and trough?

Answer 39

to stay within the therapeutic range of the antibiotic

Question 40

what is the education that needs to be done for women of childbearing age taking antibiotics?

Answer 40

antibiotics interfere with effectiveness of oral contraceptives

Question 41

what is the result of vancomycin overdose?

Answer 41

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Question 42

what is the result of gentamycin toxicity?

Answer 42

ear and kidney damage

Question 43

what is gout?

Answer 43

inflammation of joints caused by urate crystals

Question 44

What are the two different types of gout?

Answer 44

primary: hereditary; issue with uric acid metabolism secondary: caused by excess uric acid in blood; a diet rich is purines, protein

Question 45

joint pain worsens with activity and improves with rest

Answer 45

osteoarthritis

Question 46

what is a joint effusion?

Answer 46

abnormal accumulation of joint fluid

Question 47

what is pannus?

Answer 47

a tissue in the joint formed from immune cells which erodes the cartilage and bone

Question 48

what happens to the synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 48

it gets thicker

Question 49

joint pain in the morning that resolves with movement

Answer 49

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 50

which condition causes bilaterally inflamed joints?

Answer 50

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 51

What are the cells responsible for cell mediated immunity?

Answer 51

T lymphocytes

Question 52

What is the golden standard for HIV testing?

Answer 52

4th generation lab test

Question 53

What is the treatment for HIV?

Answer 53

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)

Question 54

What are the symptoms of an early HIV infection?

Answer 54

Flu-like symptoms: body aches, night sweats, fever

Question 55

What is oseltamivir used for?

Answer 55

treatment of the flu. must be started within 48 hours of symptoms.

Question 56

What drugs cause tendon rupture ?

Answer 56

Ciprifloxacin and levofloxacin