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medsurg I > Infection/Immune > Flashcards

Infection/Immune Flashcards

1
Q

Neutrophil function

A

Mature neutrophils perform phagocytosis

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2
Q

Basophils

A

Stimulate inflammation and allergic reactions. Prevents blood clotting

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3
Q

Eosinophils

A

Prolongs inflammatory response.

Good at fighting parasites

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4
Q

Tissue mast cells

A

Prolong general and allergic inflammation

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5
Q

3 stages of inflammation

A
  1. Vasodilation: edema, warmth, redness
  2. Exudate stage: pus with dead WBCs
  3. Tissue repair and replacement
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6
Q

Stage 1 HIV

A

CD4-T count >500

No AIDS

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7
Q

Stage 2 HIV

A

CD4-T count 200-499. No AIDS

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8
Q

Stage 3 HIV

A

CD4-T count less than 200 and/or

AIDS present

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9
Q

What is a sign of infection that is often present first in older adults?

A

Change in consciousness or orientation

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10
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Overactive immunity with excessive inflammation

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11
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Rapid hypersensitivity.

Excessive vasodilation from excessive IgE and histamine release

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12
Q

Examples of type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Angioedema, anaphylaxis, allergic asthma

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13
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity

A

Cytotoxic reaction in which the body destroys self cells

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14
Q

Examples of type 2 hypersensitivity

A

Hemolytic anemia, hemolytic infusion reaction.

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15
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex mediated reaction. Attacks connective tissue and blood vessels

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16
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

Delayed reaction by the T cells. Stays local

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17
Q

Examples of type 3 hypersensitivity

A

Most autoimmune diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, lupus

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18
Q

Examples of type 4 hypersensitivity

A

PPD reaction, poison ivy, graft rejection

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19
Q

What hypersensitivity can be treated with plasmapheresis?

A

Type 2 cytotoxic cell mediated hypersensitivity

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20
Q

Treatment for angioedema?

A

Epinephrine and corticosteroids

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21
Q

What is the first line drug for anaphylaxis?

A

Epinephrine

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22
Q

Fatigue, butterfly rash, body aches are symptoms of what

A

Lupus

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23
Q

What kind of drug is methotrexate?

A

It’s an immunosuppressant cytotoxic drug

24
Q

What kind of drug is promethazine?

A

1st gen antihistamine

25
Q

What kind of drug is loratadine?

A

2nd gen antihistamine

26
Q

What kind of drug is cetirizine?

A

2nd gen antihistamine

27
Q

What kind of medication is diclofenac?

A

1st gen NSAID

28
Q

What kind of medication is meloxicam?

A

1st gen NSAID

29
Q

What kind of medication is nabumetone?

A

1st gen NSAID

30
Q

What kind of medication is celecoxib?

A

2nd gen NSAID

31
Q

Signs of early HIV infection?

A

Flu like, non specific symptoms:

Body aches, chills, fever, night sweats

32
Q

HIV post exposure prophylaxis

A

cART: Start within 36 hours

33
Q

What is cryptosporidiosis?

A

Intestinal infection that can occur in someone infected with HIV

34
Q

What is important to note about tb testing of someone with HIV?

A

They may have a false negative test due to anergy: an inadequate immune response

35
Q

What is PrEP?

A

Pre-exposure prophylaxis that must be taken once daily for individuals at high risk

36
Q

What is the most common malignancy for individuals with HIV?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma: skin lesions

37
Q

what is the effect of an overdose of acetaminophen?

A

liver damage

38
Q

what are the adverse effects of NSAIDs?

A

gastric ulcers, bleeding, renal impairment

39
Q

what is the purpose of a peak and trough?

A

to stay within the therapeutic range of the antibiotic

40
Q

what is the education that needs to be done for women of childbearing age taking antibiotics?

A

antibiotics interfere with effectiveness of oral contraceptives

41
Q

what is the result of vancomycin overdose?

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

42
Q

what is the result of gentamycin toxicity?

A

ear and kidney damage

43
Q

what is gout?

A

inflammation of joints caused by urate crystals

44
Q

What are the two different types of gout?

A

primary: hereditary; issue with uric acid metabolism
secondary: caused by excess uric acid in blood; a diet rich is purines, protein

45
Q

joint pain worsens with activity and improves with rest

A

osteoarthritis

46
Q

what is a joint effusion?

A

abnormal accumulation of joint fluid

47
Q

what is pannus?

A

a tissue in the joint formed from immune cells which erodes the cartilage and bone

48
Q

what happens to the synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

it gets thicker

49
Q

joint pain in the morning that resolves with movement

A

rheumatoid arthritis

50
Q

which condition causes bilaterally inflamed joints?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

51
Q

What are the cells responsible for cell mediated immunity?

A

T lymphocytes

52
Q

What is the golden standard for HIV testing?

A

4th generation lab test

53
Q

What is the treatment for HIV?

A

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)

54
Q

What are the symptoms of an early HIV infection?

A

Flu-like symptoms: body aches, night sweats, fever

55
Q

What is oseltamivir used for?

A

treatment of the flu. must be started within 48 hours of symptoms.

56
Q

What drugs cause tendon rupture ?

A

Ciprifloxacin and levofloxacin

medsurg I (3 decks)

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