Infection Control/Safety

Question 1

What is the single MOST IMPORTANT action for preventing infections?

Answer 1

Hand hygiene

Question 2

What is our professional responsibility and to whom? (5)

Answer 2

-Patients
-Ourselves
-Coworkers
-Organization
-Profession

Question 3

What are your 5 moments for hand hygiene?

Answer 3

1. Before touching a patient
2. Before clean/aseptic procedure
3. After body fluid exposure risk
4. After touching a patient
5. After touching patient surroundings

Question 4

What are the natural defense mechanisms against infection?

Answer 4

-Skin
-Mouth
-Eyes
-Respiratory Tract
-Urinary Tract
-Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)
-Vagina

Question 5

What are examples of infectious agents?

Answer 5

•Bacteria
•Fungi
•Viruses
•Rickettsiae
•Protozoa

Question 6

What are examples of reserviors?

this is 1 of the 6 Chains of Infections

Answer 6

•People
•Equipment
•Water

Question 7

Susceptible Host

Answer 7

•Immunosuppression
•Diabetes
•Surgery
•Burns
•Elderly

Question 8

Portal of Entry

Answer 8

•Mucous membrane
•GI Tract
•GU Tract
•Respiratory Tract
•Broken skin

Aseptic technique, catheter care, wound care

Question 9

Means of transmission

Answer 9

•Direct contact (person to person)
•Ingestion
•Fomites (objects or materials that can carry infection. Such as clothes, utensils, or furniture)
•Airborne

Hand hygiene, Sterilization, standard precautions, airflow control, food handling, isolation

Question 10

Portal of Exit

Answer 10

•Excretions
•Secretions
•Skin
•Droplets

Hand hygiene , control of excretions and secretions, trash and waste disposal

Question 11

Reservoirs definition

Answer 11

A reservoir is any natural setting where growth and reproduction of an infectious agent can occur.

Examples: People, animals, food, water, insects/arthropods, inanimate objects**, soiled or wet dressings, hospital equipment, etc.

Question 12

Portal of Exit: Respiratory

Answer 12

•Sputum
•Cough
•Sneeze

Question 13

Portal of Exit: G-U

Answer 13

•Reproductive secretions
•Urine

Question 14

What are the 6 chains of infection?

Answer 14

Portal of Entry
Reservoirs
Infectious Agent
Means of transmission
Portal of Exit
Susceptible host

Question 15

Portal of Exit: G-I

Answer 15

•Saliva
•Emesis
•Blood
•Feces

Question 16

Portal of Exit: Venous System

Answer 16

Blood

Question 17

Portal of Exit: MM and Non-Intact Skin

Answer 17

Draining wounds

Question 18

Eyes/Ears are also portals of Exit

Answer 18

There are no examples of this as this is self explanatory

Question 19

Disinfecting Wipes: Bleach Wipes

Answer 19

-Used in cases where C. Diff is suspected or confirmed.
-In cases of loose/incontinent stools
-Require 3 minutes of wet to dry on surfaces to kill pathogens

Question 20

Hydrogen Peroxide (H-P) Wipes

Answer 20

-Used for most routine equipment and surface disinfection
-Require 1 minute of wet to dry on surfaces to kill pathogens

Question 21

Types of Precautions

Answer 21

•Contact Precautions
•Special Contact Precautions
•Droplet Precautions
•Airborne (Negative Air) Precautions

Question 22

Contact Precautions:
-What PPE is needed?
-Examples?

Answer 22

Examples:
•MDRO
•Lice (Pediculosis Capitis)
•Scabies
•Wounds
•RSV
•Localized Shingles

PPE:
•Gown
•Gloves
•Cover wound or affected area to transport patient

Question 23

Special Contact Precautions:
-Examples?
-PPE?

Answer 23

Examples:
•C-Diff or diarrhea on admission

PPE:
•Gloves
•Gown
•Absorbent Pads to transport patient

Bleach ONLY

Question 24

Droplet Precautions:
-Examples?
-PPE

Answer 24

Examples:
•Influenza
•Pertussis (whooping cough)
•Bacterial Meningitis

PPE:
•Regular mask
•Eye shield (if appropriate)
•Regular mask on patient to transport

Question 25

Airborne Precautions: Negative Pressure Room!!
-Examples?
-PPE

Answer 25

Examples:
•TB
•Varicella
•Measles
•Disseminated Shingles

PPE:
•N95 mask
•Regular mask on patient to transport

Question 26

Contact + Droplet Precautions:
-Examples?
-PPE

Answer 26

Examples:
•COVID without Aerosolized Procedures

PPE:
•Gloves
•Gown
•N95
•Face Shield
•Clean linens in patient
•Patient wears surgical mask

Question 27

Special Respiratory Precautions: Negative Air Pressure
-Examples
-PPE

Answer 27

Examples:
•Covid Aerosolized Procedure

PPE:
•Gloves
•Gown
•Clean linens on patient
•Patient wears Surgical mask