Infection Control Perioperative Setting

Question 1

SSI

Answer 1

Surgical Site Infection

Question 2

Hair Removal clip or shave?

Answer 2

Clip, Dry Preps?

Question 3

What is Red Man Syndrome ?

Answer 3

This is a response to the medication vancomycin. Individuals classically cultivate symptoms within five (5) or ten (10) minutes of getting the medication and they develop flushing and itching of the neck, torso and face. Individuals might also develop face swelling as well as swelling of the eyes or lips and/or a blood pressure drop, but this is much less common.

This syndrome is not a real allergy, even though symptoms look comparable to an allergy response. It is also referred to as RMS.

Question 4

Red Man Syndrome Sx?

Answer 4

Symptoms

Red Man Syndrome is characterized by:

Flushing

Erythema

Pruritus

Affects body, neck and face

Pains

Muscle spasms

Dyspnea

Hypotension

Fever and chills

Swollen lymph nodes

Increased heart rate

Swelling of the eyelid leading to ectropion

Dehydration

Secondary infections

Question 5

RMS Tx

Answer 5

Treatment

This syndrome is treated usually based on the underlying cause. So, proper diagnosis is extremely important in treating this disorder. In cases of symptoms that are severe, hospitalization is needed for management of the situation of the individual. Generally, management for this syndrome involves the maintenance of the moisture of the skin with wet dressing, wet wraps, emollients, etc. The temperature of the body, balance of the electrolytes, etc. has to be regularly monitored. While, unneeded medications are stopped, the individual may be directed with mild topical steroids, antihistamines (for itching) antibiotics (for secondary infection), etc. In cases where the cause underlying is detected, management will be mostly directed at treating that disorder (apart from management of the symptoms).

Question 6

Kefzol

also known as?

what class?

Answer 6

cefazolin cef/a/zolin, Ancef

cephalosporin, 1st generation

Interaction Characteristics:

alters GI flora

bactericidal activity requires bacterial growth

impairs immunomodulatory bacterial infective agent

Question 7

Kefzol

use caution if ___is being used

CONTRAINDICATED IF _____

Answer 7

Warfarin

BCG vaccine provides immunity or protection against tuberculosis (TB). The vaccine may be given to persons at high risk of developing TB. It is also used to treat bladder tumors or bladder cancer.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Vaccine

pronounced as (ba sil’ us kal’ met gay rayn’)

Question 8

Kefzol Dosage

Answer 8

Weight Based

Question 9

Vancomyocin

1 gm per

2 gm per

Answer 9

1 gm per hour

2 gm per 2 hours

Question 10

Maintain blood sugar less than?

Normal Blood Sugar Adult?

Normal Blood Sugar Child?

Answer 10

Maintain blood sugar less than 200

For someone without diabetes,

a fasting blood sugar on awakening should be under 100 mg/dl.

Before-meal normal sugars are 70–99 mg/dl.

“Postprandial” sugars taken two hours after meals should be less than 140 mg/dl.

A typical blood sugar level in children is below 100 milligrams per deciliter, according to Mayo Clinic. A level from 100 to 125 indicates prediabetes and above 126 mg/dL in two tests leads to a diagnosis of diabetes.

Question 11

Wound Classification

1. Class 1
2. Class 2
3. Class 3
4. Class 4

Answer 11

Wound Classification

1. Class 1: Intact skin, sterile cavity: spine, skin lesions
2. Class 2: Clean-Contaminated
3. Class 3: Contaminated: Inflammed tissue, break in technique, cholecystitis, pus
4. Class 4: Gross spillage from GI, acute infection with pus, old tramatic wound

Question 12

Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria

1. spread by ?
2. Most common name (3)?
3. VISA?
4. CRE
5. MDRTB?

Answer 12

Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria

1. spread by ?
2. CONTACT
3. Most common name (3)? MRSA, C.Diff, VRE
4. VISA? Vancomycin Intermediate Resistant Staph
5. CRE: Carbapenem-Resistance Enterobacteriaceae
6. MDRTB? Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)

Question 13

MRSA

1. Mode of transmission?
2. Precaution?

Answer 13

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that’s become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections.

1. Mode of transmission? DIRECT CONTACT
2. Precaution? CONTACT PRECAUTIONS

Question 14

CRE

from where?

Answer 14

CRE, which stands for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, are a family of germs that are difficult to treat because they have high levels of resistance to antibiotics. Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are examples of Enterobacteriaceae, a normal part of the human gut bacteria, that can become carbapenem-resistant.

Healthy people usually do not get CRE infections – they usually happen to patients in hospitals, nursing homes, and other healthcare settings. Patients whose care requires devices like ventilators (breathing machines), urinary (bladder) catheters, or intravenous (vein) catheters, and patients who are taking long courses of certain antibiotics are most at risk for CRE infections.

Question 15

Viruses

name (4)

Answer 15

1. Hepatitis A-E & G
2. HIV
3. Flu/Rhinovirus
4. Human papillpma Virus

Question 16

Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease

1. What is it?
2. TSE
3. caused by?
4. Sterilzation?

Answer 16

Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease

1. What is it?Neurodegenerative disease always fatal
2. TSE: Transmissable spongiform encephalopathy
3. caused by? Prion (small proteinaceous agent
4. Sterilzation? Special technique

Question 17

1. Where do prions accumulate?
2. How to clean instruments?
3. New techniques for cleaning instruments?

Answer 17

1. tonsils, lymph nodes, appendix, spleen, brain or spinal cord
2. Destroy all instruments
3. Radion Frequency plasma and hydrogen peroxide methods

Question 18

HAI aka?

Answer 18

Hospital acquired Infection

nosocomial

na/sa/comb/ial