Infection Control, HIPPA, Electrical safety and more Flashcards
What is the standard line voltage in the US?
120v
What does GFCI stand for?
Ground Fault Current Interuptions
What type of shock passes through a patients torso?
Macro Shock
What type of ground is used for common mode rejection?
Patient ground
What type of metal are subdermal electrodes made out of?
Steel or platinum
What does the nasopharyngeal electrode record from?
Anterior Mesial surface of temporal lobe
Why type of allergic reaction is life threatening?
Latex hypersensitivity
What % of healthcare workers have a latex allergy?
5-10%
What is the advantage and disadvantage for collodian use?
Advantage: Secure
Disadvantage: Exposure to harmful agents
What is the advantage and disadvantage for paste use?
Advantage: No harmful agents
Disadvantage: May dislodge, causing artifact
Where does the Sphenoidal electrode record from?
Inferior lateral surface of temporal lobe
Where do electrocorticographic electrodes record from?
The Cortex during neurosurgery
What is the function of Subdural electrodes?
To stimulate cortex to map cortical function & localize epileptiform activity
HIPPA Breach Notification Rule
Notification of breach or unsecured PHI
HIPPA Privacy Rule
Protects the privacy of the PHI
How does HIPPA affect the healthcare provider (part 2):
BAs & CEs must comply with HIPPA Rules:
-Interaction/use of PHI (see, use or share)
-Patient interaction
How does HIPPA affect the healthcare provider?
HIPPA protects patient health information held by:
1. CEs: Covered entities (Doctors, pharmacies etc)
2. BAs: Business associations
What patient information MUST be protected?
All personal and health information that exists for every individual in any form
-Written
-Oral
-Electronic
This information is considered to be Protected Health Information (PHI)
Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA)
-US department of labor
-OSHA issues workplace health and safety regulations
What are other names for Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Also known as:
-Safety data sheet (SDS)
-Product data sheet (PDS)
HIPPA Security Rule
Sets standards for the security of electronic PHI
HIPPA Regulations
Privacy Rule
Security Rule
Breach Notification Rule
Isolated Inputs
-Isolated inputs are used for conductors that have a direct pathway to the heart
-The Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL) require the inputs to withstand 2500v for 1 minute w/o failing
-Each state and localities have specific standards for electrical codes for AC current
Leakage Current
Current finds a way from the electronics to the chassis of the system
Machines should have low leakage current and be well grounded
Leakage current Less than 1/1000A
How is leakage current measured
By interrupting the ground line and sending current through a testing meter
What are leakage current values
100uA
Earth Ground
Connection where the current’s return path returns to the physical earth (ground)
Patient Ground
Used for Common Mode Rejection
Ground Loop
-Loop of wire running around the room (inside the walls)
-Can be avoided by plugging all patient connected items into the same group of outlets
Grounding
Grounding on the receiving location solves some problems but creates others
A person must come into contact with two points to be shocked
-The physical ground counts as one of the 2 contact points,
increasing risk of being shocked
What are the 3 elements to a fire safety plan?
Prevention, Evacuation, Fire fighting
What is the acronym for fighting a fire?
PASS
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
AC Power
Alternating current
Electricity
Electricity is sent through power lines at high voltages
-This causes letting loss of current through the cables
At the receiving site, the high voltage is decreased to the standard line voltage of 120v & 240v
The receiving site must be grounded to stop additional voltage changes
Technologist Responsibility to Safety
-Inspect power cords for damage
-Do not use ungrounded devices
-Use electrical outlets in the same area as other patient related
machines
-Do not use extension cords
Grounding and Chassis Leakage
Broken ground
Could result in increased current running through patient
Ground Integrity is tested using an ohmeter
Should be less than 0/15 Ohms
What issues cause patient’s to be more at risk for shock?
-The patient is grounded
-Patients are connected to multiple instruments with multiple chances
for leakage
-The skin is compromised by incorrectly placed electrodes
-The patient may not be able to react to a painful shock
-The patient’s heart might be weak and could react to lower levels of
current than normal
Electrical Injury (PIE)
-Current pathway
-Current intensity
10 ma is enough current to be deadly to a person
-Duration of exposure
Microshock
Extremely small electrical current applied directly (or very close) to the heart
Macroshock
Strong shock from current passing through a person’s head or torso
Outlets
The Standard outlet has:
*A Long slot connected to the NEUTRAL
*A Short slot HOT LINE
*A U-Shaped connected to the GROUND
Ground Fault Current Interrupters (GFCIs)
Cause the current to flow out of the instrument, but some leaks into the metal chassis and is carried to a neutral spot through the grounding line
What types of hazards do healthcare workers face?
*BBP (Bloodborne Pathogens)
*Biological Hazards
*Chemical/Drug exposures
-Formaldehyde
-Paracetic acide (used for sterilization)
*Waste/anesthetic gas exposure
*Workplace violence
*Lab hazards
*Radio active material
*Xray hazards
*Ergonomic
OSHA’s Mission
Assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance
Employer Reponsibilities (OSHA)
*Inform employees about hazards through training, labels, alarms,
color-coded systems, chemical information sheets
*Keep accurate records of work-related injuries and illnesses
*Perform tests in workplace such as air sampling
*Find and correct safety and health problems
*Eliminate and reduce hazards first by making changes in working
conditions rather than just relying on masks, gloves, ear plugs or other
types of PPE
*Switching to safer chemicals, enclosing processes to trap harmful
fumes, or using ventilation systems to clean the air
*Provide hearing exams and other medical tests
*Post OSHA citations, injury and illness data, and an OSHA poster in the
workplace where workers will see them
*Notify OSHA within 8 hours of a workplace incident in which there is a
death or when 3 or more workers go to the hospital
*Not discriminate or retaliate against a worker for using their rights
under the law
What to do if there is a dangerous situation at work?
Bring the conditions to the attention of the employer
You may file a complaint with OSHA
Why OSHA?
Provides workers & emergency personnel with procedures for handling or working with hazardous substances in a safe manner
Must be posted in the workplace & explained during the new employee orientation
Components of OSHA
Product and company identification
Ingredients & hazards identification
First aid measures
Fire fighting measures
Accidental release measures
Handling and storage
OSHA enforcement
*Whistleblowers
*Compliance, safety & health offices go to work sites, inspect, assess
fines
*Site Visits
-Responds to workplace incidents
-Workers complaints
-Referrals by other individuals
What is HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
Established a national platform of consumer privacy protection and marketplace reform. Some key provisions include insurance reforms, privacy and security, administrative simplification and cost savings
Goals of HIPPA
*Protect the privacy of patient’s personal and health information
*Provide security of personal and health information
*Standardize coding to simplify billing and other transactions
What’s so important about protecting a patient’s privacy and security?
Its the ethical thing to do
Its the legal thing to do
HIPPA law requires it
Violations lead to penalties
HIPPA violations
- Violations that the entity did not know about and would not have
known about by exercising reasonable diligence
2.Violations due to “reasonable cause”
3.Violations due to “willful neglect” that are corrected within 30 days
MSDS EEG Products
*Collodion and Collodion remover
*Acetone
*Skin preparation gel
-Nu-prep
-Lemon prep
*Electrode paste
-10-20, Elefix, EC2 cream
*Bleach
*Disinfectants
Which process destroys bacterial spores?
Sterilization
EEG disc electrodes fall under what type of patient care item?
Semi-critical item
What is the proper contact time for semi critical items?
10-30 minutes
What is another name for bleach?
Sodium hypochlorite
Can 2 prep gels be combined?
NO
What does HAI stand for?
Healthcare associated infections
What is another name for HAI?
Nosocomial infections
What are the 3 main reasons for an HAI?
*Inadequate hand hygiene
*Aseptic or sterile technique
*Ineffective cleaning or disinfection of patient care environment or medical equipment
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
*Transmissible spongiform encehalopathy
*Prion-based disease
*CJD is passed by contact with tissue from certain organs or CSF, not
through contact with blood
*Standard precautions, as mandated by OSHA are required for all
patients including those with known or suspected CJD
*Disposable, single use EEG electrodes
*Non-invasive reusable electrodes must undergo high-level disinfection
What is direct contact transmission?
Direct: Micro-organisms transferred from one person to another
What is indirect contact transmission?
Indirect: When the infecting agent is transferred through contamination environment
What is the most common mode of transmission?
Contact transmission
What is the minimum contact time when washing your hands?
20 seconds
Are antiseptic rubs a great substitute for washing hands?
NO
When should gloves be worn?
During all patient contact
Which process does not remove micro-organisms
Cleaning
What are the 5 types of infection transmission?
*Contact transmission
*Droplet transmission
*Airborne transmission
*Common vehicle transmission
*Vectoborne transmission
What are some modes of transmission for common vehicle transmission?
Food
Water
medications
equipment
Common vehicle transmission typically occurs because of:
Improper hand hygiene
Disinfection (OSHA requirements)
*Report any needle-stick incidents, including EEG subnormal needle electrodes according to the hospital/facility policy
*Departmental procedure manual should address patients with lice or scabies
*Products that are labeled as single use may not be re-used on another
patient regardless if disinfection has been attempted
*Lab must maintain MSDS sheets on products a MINIMUM of 30 years
past the last day of use or the last employee terminates
*Masks should be worn during sterile procedures
*Gowns as PPE:
-Protect the skin
-Prevent soiling of clothing during procedures that are likely to
generate splashes
*Place used needles, syringes, blades and other sharps in appropriate
puncture-resistant containers that are as close as possible to the area
being used
*The sink used to disinfect cannot be in the patient testing area nor the clean storage area
*Container used to clean BEFORE disinfection must be labeled “For
Cleaning Use Only”
*Container used to disinfect must be labeled “For disinfection use only”
with the disinfectant’s name it contains
*Items must not be left soaking after shift ends
*Disinfectant may not be left in the container unless container is
covered, marked and tested daily for potency
*Prep material should be removed from the container immediately
before use and excess discarded after each patient
*Dirty electrodes must be contained and go directly to the dirty utility area for processing
*Ensure reusable equipment is properly cleaned up between patients
*Do not recap used needles
*Do not removed used needles from disposable syringes by hand
*Do not bend, break, or manipulate used needles by hand
*MSDS must be readily available for all employees
Bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
Low: 0.025% 1:200
Intermediate to
High: 1:50
High: 0.5% 1:10
When cleaning EEG disc electrodes 1:50 ratio immersion for 20 minutes followed by tap water rinse
Droplet Transmission
Occurs through coughing, sneezing, talking, suctioning, or bronchoscopy
Airborne Transmission
Dissemination of particles through the air or dust
Contact transmission
Direct or indirect
Most frequent mode of infection transmission is contact transmission
Bloodborne Pathogens
OSHA defines bloodborne pathogens to include any pathogenic micro-organism present in human blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) that infect and cause disease in persons who are exposed to blood containing the pathogen
-HIV
-Hepatitis B (HBV)
-Hepatitis C (HCV)
Hand Hygiene
Hand hygiene is essential BEFORE and AFTER situations where the hands may be contaminated by:
-Blood
-Body fluids
-Secretions
-Excretions
-Or items soiled by those listed above
Vectorborne Transmission
Animals and insects (ex: Rats & mosquitos)
CDC guidelines to hand washing
*Hand friction to create a lather
*Contact time should be at least 20 second
*Lather between fingers, nails and wrists
*Rise hands under flowing stream of water
*Use a barrier (like a paper towel) to turn off the water valves and exit
the room
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
All PPE must be removed prior to leaving the work area
Gloves followed by handwashing
Protective gown and/or masks
Gloves
*Should be worn during all patient contact
*Wear gloves when:
Surface electrodes:
Measuring and marking electrode locations
Applying electrodes
Removing electrodes
Needle electrodes:
Inserting
Working with
Removing
*There is anticipated exposure to
Blood
OPIM (other potentially infectious material)
Mucous membrane
Non-intact skin
Handling or touching contaminated items or surfaces
*Entering surgical suites
*Handling babies in the nursery or neonatal intensive care area
*Entering isolation areas
*Remove gloves and follow with hand hygiene before touching
anything including:
Bedrails
Computer keys
Light switches
Sterilization (level of disinfection)
A process that destroys all micro-organisms including bacterial spores
High Level (level of disinfection)
*Mycobacteria
*Semi-critical items
EEG disk electrodes
*Wet heat automated techniques (autoclave)
*Liquid immersion in a chemical sterilant EPA approved as high level
disinfectant for the proper contact time (10-30 minutes)
Intermediate (level of disinfection)
Non-Lipid or small viruses
Fungi
Low Level (level of disinfection)
Vegetative bacteria
Lipid or medium sized viruses
Low level disinfection appropriate for Non-critical items such as:
Pressure cuffs
Bedside table
No visible blood on them
Liquid contact with EPA registered hospital grade disinfectant with proper contact time
30-60 seconds of item being wet
Handrubs
*Not a substitute for hand washing
*Must be used in the absence of water
*Minimum of 60% alcohol based
*Cannot be used if hands are visibly soiled
Cleaning:
Removes soil which may or may not be visible
Does not remove micro-organisms
Non-critical patient care items
BP cuffs, tape measure
Come in contact with intact skin
EEG Non-Critical Items:
*Surface electrodes
Non abrasive skin prep agent/technique
Blunt tip syringe
*Electrode Caps
Non abrasive skin prep agent/technique
Blunt tip syringe
*Marking pencils
*Hairclips and combs
*Earphones
*Stimulator prongs
*Surface temperature devices
*Pulse oximeters
*Bed rails
*Headbox and cables
*Any item in contact with patient intact skin
Semi-critical patient care items
Oral/nasal sensor, disc EEG electrodes
Come in contact with mucous membranes
Non-intact skin
EEG Semi-Critical Items:
*Surface electrodes
Abrasive skin prep agent technique
Blunt tip syringe used
*Nasopharyngeal electrodes
*Electroretinogram (ERG) electrodes
*Electrode caps
*Nasal/Oral thermocouples
*CPAP/BIPAP masks and tubing
*Electrodes and items exposed to non-intact skin and blood or
other body fluids
Critical patient care items
Penetrate or contact soft tissue, bone, bloodstream or normally sterile tissue
EEG Critical patient care items:
Sphenoidal electrodes
Needle electroeds
Subdermal
EMG
Indwelling depth electrodes
Electrocorticographic electrodes
Subdural
Epidural
Tympanic electrodes
Urethral electrodes
Other items that enter tissue or vascular space or that blood
flows through
Additional OSHA requirements
No syringes, sharps, or blunt tips may be kept in sight & must be locked overnight
Collodion and acetone must be kept in a flammable safe
All items must be used according to the package directions
No food or beverages in the work area
No cosmetics, including lip balm
Eye wash station must be tested at least monthly and documented
Employees must use appropriate face and eye protection when scrubbing electrodes or pouring disinfectant
ABRET Code of Ethics
*Do everything to ensure that the current guidelines by ACNS are
available in the department
*Strive to remain abreast of the latest technology and to study and apply scientific advances in the techs specialty
*Abide by laws related to the profession
*Refuse primary responsibility for interpreting data
*Be in compliance with ABRETs rule
*Respect ABRETs intellectual property
*Respect patients rights and privacy
*Perform duties with compassion for the patients
*Do not discriminate
*Upon suspension or withdrawal of certification, the technologist must
discontinue the use of all claims to the certifications that contain any
reference to ABRET and return any certificates issued by ABRET
Grounds for Disciplinary Action (ABRET Code of Ethics)
*Ineligible for certification
*Cheating or disrupting a testing area during an ABRET exam
*Providing fraudulent information
*Unauthorized possession, misrepresentation, or misuse of ABRET
credentials, exams, or intellectual property
*Failure to maintain a current professional credential as required by
the jurisdiction
*The conviction of, guilty plea, or a plea of nolo to a felony or
misdemeanor related to the profession or public health and safety
*Disciplinary action by a licensing board
*Failure to maintain compliance with ABRET’s standards, policies &
procedures
*Impairment of professional performance
*Gross or repeated negligence or malpractice in professional work
*Non compliance with laws related to the profession
*Accepting primary responsibility to interpret data
Sanctions (ABRET Code of Ethics)
*Denial or suspension of eligibility
*Denial of certification
*Revocation of certification
*Non-renewal of certification
*Suspension of certification for a period of time
*Reprimand
*Probation
Violations Reporting (ABRET Code of Ethics)
*Convicted of a felony
*Ineligible to apply for registration, certification, or renewed
registration for a period of 3 years from:
-Exhaustion of appeals
-Final release from confinement
-Whichever is later
Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI)
Illnesses acquired or transmitted within a healthcare facility. Also known as nosocomial
WHO states that HAI is the most frequent adverse event in healthcare delivery
7-10 out of 100 patients will acquire a HAI
HAI affects healthcare workers as well
20-60% of healthcare workers are infected while performing
patient care
-Hep B virus
-Hep C virus
-HIV
Major reasons for HAI
-Inadequate hand hygiene
-Aseptic or sterile technique
-Ineffective cleaning and disinfection of patient care
environment or medical equipment
In the past 40 years more than 30 new diseases have been characterized have either viral or bacterial etiologies
-West Nile virus encephalitis
-H1N1 influenza
-Community associated methicillin-resistant
staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
-Tuberculosis (TB)-Most common infectious disease
Contact Dermatitis
Identification
-Itchy rash were substance was
-Blister
-Hives
-Healthy skin surrounding could also be itchy and inflamed
Latex Allergy
Incident Rate
*1-6% of general population
*5-10% of health care workers have a latex allergy
Types of allergies
*Dermatitis (irritant contact & allergic contact)
*Latex hypersensitivity-Most serious latex allergy
Medical Products with Latex
*Tourniquets
*Blood pressure cuffs
*Adhesive bandages (some)
*EKG pads
Symptoms of Allergic Reactions
Seasonal allergic rhinitis
Hives (urticaria)
Allergic conjunctivitis
Asthma
Food
Anaphylaxis
-Life threatening
-Most common from food, insect stings, medication and latex
Workplace Hazards/Emergency Biological Agents
-Anthrax
-Avian flu
-Bloodborne pathogens and Needlestick prevention
-Botulism
-Cytomegalovirus
-SARS
-Ebola
Surface Electrode Metals
*Gold *(Gold plated silver)
*Silver
Silver-Silver chloride-Best ones to use
*Tin
*Platinum
*Copper
*Stainless steel
Electrode Types
*Surface
*Subdermal
*Nasopharyngeal
*Sphenoidal
*Electrocorticographic
*Subdural & epidural
*Indwelling
Surface Electrodes
*Metal
*4-10 mm diameter
*Hole in the center
*Insulated wire
*Wire terminates at female connector that plugs into head box male
input
Indwelling Electrodes
*Multiple contact points of gold or stainless steel placed along a long,
narrow shaft
*Inserted into brain tissue
*Evaluate for surgical treatment of retractable seizures
*Sterilize
Electrocorticographic Electrodes
*Metal or saline soaked cotton wicks mounted on springs and held in
place and swivel joints
*Record from Cortex during neurosurgery
*Sterilize
*Don’t have to worry about impedence because you are past the scalp
Subdermal Electrodes
*Needles made of steel or platinum
*Insertion
-Through & parallel to the scalp
-All in same direction
Tip of the electrodes do the recording so must all go in same direction in order to prevent cancellation at the differential amplifier
Nasophayngeal Electrodes
*Silver wire embedded in Z shaped rigid plastic approximately 12.5cm
long with insulated ball tip
*Inserted into nasal passageway
*Records from anterior mesial and inferior surface of temporal lobe
*Search for seizure activity of temporal lobe region
*Sterilize after use
*Uncomfortable to patient
*Lots of muscle artifact
Subdural/Epidural Electrodes
*Platinum or stainless steel electrodes evenly spaced and embedded in
plastic strips or silastic rubber
*Inserted through craniotomy opening or burr hole
*Placed between the dura and the arachnoid (below dura, above arachnoid)
*Stimulate cortex to map cortical function and localize epileptiform activity
Sphenoidal Electrodes
*Flexible platinum wire with uninsulated tip
*Inserted via cannula through zygomatic arch at the mandibular notch
*Records from the inferior lateral surface of temporal lobe
*Local anesthesia & inserted by physician
*Mini-sphenoidals inserted by tech
Advantages of Subdermal Electrodes
Fast application
Disadvantages of Subdermal Electrodes
*Infection
*Painful if the patient is awake
Disinfection Protocol for Subdermal Electrodes
*Cleanse to remove blood
*Sterilize
What government body issues workplace health and safety issues?
OSHA
Who is responsible for providing PPEs?
Employer
What are the 3 Elements to a fire Safety Plan?
Prevention
Evacuation
Fire Fighting
What is the NFPA’s limit to current leakage?
100 uA
How often should equipment be checked by BioMed?
Annually
Technologists Responsibility to Safety
*Always have the machine on and calibrated prior to use
*Do annual checks (at minimum) with biomed for the grounding
*Do not turn machine on or off when connected to the patient
What are allergies?
A response of your immune system to a foreign substance
Types:
Drug
Food
Insect
Latex
Mold
Pet
Pollen
Anaphylaxis
*Life threatening
*Most common from food, insect stings, medication and latex
*Signs:
Itchy rash
Throat/tongue swelling
Shortness of breath
Vomiting
Lightheadedness
Low blood pressure
Sensitivities
Common
Tape
Latex
Adhesive
Paste/cream
*Not an immune response to the substance
Respiratory Sensitivity
If using collodion, watch for respiratory distress
Application Technique Collodian
Technique
Soaked guaze air dried
Stylus applied air dried
Bundle wires to reduce 60 Hz artifact
Acetone removal
Advantages
Secure
Disadvantages
Expose to harmful agents
Electrodes
Transfer electrical potentials from the brain to the input of the EEG instrument
Electrode composition:
Conductor
Wire
Plug
Decontamination
The physical or chemical process to reduce the number of microorganisms on an inanimate object
Non critical Item
An object that comes in contact with intact skin
Where are epidural electrodes places
Above the dura
What is the function of subdural electrodes
Localize epileptiform activity
Who recorded the first EEG?
Richard Caton, 1875, England
Why are long interelectrode distance derivations useful?
Detects abnormalities of small amplitude
Who discovered electrical activity on a human brain?
Hans Berger
A response of the immune system to a foreign substance
Allergies
What are some advantages that come about with digital EEG?
Transmitted instantaneously for review
Can be recorded without bedside attendance
Sensitivities are an immune response
False
What items require low level disinfection?
*Marking pencils
*Tape measure
*Electrode wires
What is the purpose of abraiding the scalp before electrode application?
To remove dead skin cells and scalp oils, thereby reducing impedance
What electrodes are in the Left Parasagittal Plane?
FP1
F3
C3
P3
O1
What was George Dawson’s contribution to ND?
Extracted EP signals from EEG
Nasion
Skull landmark located at the junction of the bridge of the nose and forehead
If an applied electrode impedance is high and the electrode site has been re-scrubbed and re-pasted, what should the technologist do?
Replace the electrode
Why is it important to perform a test with electrodes with the same metals
Different metals have different time constants
What causes an electrode pop?
Dry electrode
What type of electrode is used for recording from the mesial surface of the temporal lobe?
Nasopharyngeal
What is true of ground electrodes?
*The smaller surface area of ground electrodes leads to greater current density
*the purpose of the ground electrode is to control stray electrons to earth ground
Disinfectant
A generic term for a government registered agent that has destroyed micro organisms
Why do Subdermal electrodes must be inserted in the same direction?
To prevent cancellation at the differential amplifier
Methods that employers must to protect their employees from hazards
OSHA
What is Ohms?
Unit of impedance
What type of EEG item is a critical item and requires sterilization?
Sphenoidal electrodes
What makes up the fire procedure acronym-SAVE?
*Announce & Activate
*Ventilation Control
*Save people or patients
*Extinguisher use
Non Critical Item
An object that comes in contact with intact skin
Droplet
Infection transmission that occurs through coughing, sneezing and talking
Decontamination
The physical or chemical process to reduce the number of microorganisms on an inanimate object
Who postulated(assume) that every wave came from a different place in the brain?
DL Jewett
Definition of a Critical Item
An object that has been introduced directly into the human body or made contact with the bloodstream
How is the EEG machine grounded?
Through a 3 prong plug on the power cord
PHI
Protected Health Information
All personal and health information that exists for every individual in any form, whether written, spoken, or electronic
What staff is required to run an EEG lab?
1 EEG tech & 1 electroencephalographer
What is the function of magnetoencephalography?
It detects the magnetic fields created by current flows over the cortex
Host
A site for a new infection
Definition of Disinfection
A process that destroys some forms of microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores
What type of electrode is inserted underneath the skin and parallel to the scalp?
Subdermal
What is the acronym for FIRE EXTINGUISHER use?
PASS
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
What type of disinfection is required of critical items
Sterilization
What is the best choice to use as a scalp recording electrode?
Silver-silver chloride
What is true regarding nasopharyngeal electrodes?
*Also known as PG1 & PG2
*Records from the mesial and inferior temporal lobe and orbitofrontal activity
*They record a lot of artifact from breathing and eye movement
What steps are necessary when properly removing tape?
*Loosen tape prior to removal
*Hold the skin when removing the tape to prevent tearing
*Remove the tape at an angle
What is an EEG Technologist?
An allied healthcare provider who specializes in recording EEG and other Neurodiagnostic procedures
Latex allergies are more prevalent in the healthcare population
TRUE
Who was the first to discover electrical brain potentials in animals?
Richard Caton
What is true of anaphylaxis?
*Is life threatening
*Can have a symptom of vomiting
*Can be a result of food
When should MSDS be explained?
In new employee orientation
As a technologist, you should only talk to others about a persons PHI if it is:
Necessary for your job
Current flows from a positive source to a negative source, which creates positive and negative fields on an electro-conductive media
TRUE
What is an appropriate electrode impedance?
<10,000 Ohms
Indwelling Electrode
A long, narrow shaft with multiple contact points inserted into brain tissue
What is the name of the electrode placed on the surface of the skin?
Gold cup
