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Microbiology-HH3 > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 parts to the chain of infection?

A

source of infection
transmission of infection
susceptible host

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2
Q

Source of infection?

A

patient, visitor, environment, staff, equipment

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3
Q

Transmission of infection?

A
  • contact
  • indirect
  • droplet
  • airborne
  • blood and bodily fluids
  • vector
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4
Q

Vector transmission?

A

-transmission through the bite of an infected species

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5
Q

Susceptible hosts?

A
  • age
  • immunosuppression
  • no immunity
  • chronic underlying conditions
  • emergency procedures
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6
Q

Routine Practices?

A

-published in 1999
-involves the prevention and precautions against blood borne pathogens
-PIDAC- published in 2012
-determined by the interaction with he patient not by they patients diagnosis
-all bodily fluids are considered potentially infectious
-practice is determined by risk of encountering body substance not by diagnosis
based on the method of transmission as well

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7
Q

Proper hand hygiene steps?

A

-wet hands with warm water
-apply soap
-lather soap and rub hands
-rub b/w fingers and around them
-rub back of hands
-rub finger tips
-rub finger tips in opposite palm
-rub each thumb
rinse user water
pat hands dry with towel
turn off water with towel

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8
Q

Benefits of good hand hygiene?

A
  • can terminate outbreaks
  • reduce transmission of antimicrobial resistant organisms
  • decrease infection rates
  • decreases rate of HAI
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9
Q

4 moments for hand hygiene?

A
  1. before patient contact
  2. before procedure
  3. after exposure of bodily fluids
  4. after patient/ environmental contact
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10
Q

Gloves

A
  • additional level of protections
  • does not eliminate hand hygiene need
  • reduces hand contamination by 70-80%
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11
Q

Mask and eye protection

A

-protect mucous membranes of the yes, nose, ears and mouth

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12
Q

Gowns

A
  • when clothing likely soiled

- protect clothing during procedures

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13
Q

Routine Practices: accommodation, patient care equipment, environmental control?

A

Accommodation- single room not required unless patient soils environment
PCE- reusable equipment cleaned b/w patients
EC- cleaning of surfaces, furniture, high touch items

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14
Q

Exposure to blood: factors for risk of infection?

A
  • pathogen involved
  • type of exposure
  • amount of blood involved
  • amount of virus in blood
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15
Q

how are hep B, C and HIV transmitted

A

-blood

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16
Q

Risk of infection post exposure: Hep B, C and HIV

A

Hep B- 6-30% risk, but almost none if developed immunity and vaccinated
Hep C- 1.8% after cut or needle
HIV- 0.3% after needle stick, 0.1% after splashed to nose or mouth, less than 0.1% after skin exposure

17
Q

Blood Borne Pathogens; risk prevention, elimination and reduction

A

prevention- vaccine, good health
elimination- disinfection, safe containment of blood
reduction- PPE

18
Q

Assessing risk of transmission; the microbe

A

Microbe

  • ability to survive
  • low ineffective dose
  • exist in carrier state?
  • means of transmission
19
Q

Assessing risk of transmission; source of patient

A
  • diarrhea?
  • need hands of care?
  • poor hygiene?
  • copious respiratory secretions
20
Q

Assessing risk of transmission; patient care environment

A
  • poor house keeping
  • sharing equipment b/w patients
  • multiple bed rooms
  • patient/nurse ratio
21
Q

Assessing risk of transmission; new susceptible host

A
  • portals of entry
  • immune status
  • underlying conditions
  • antibiotic therapy
22
Q

Additional Precautions?

A
  • based on transmission and when routine practices are insufficient
  • droplet and airborne is highly transmissible
23
Q

Examples of Airborne Transmitting diseases?

A

pulmonary TB
measles
rash with measles present

24
Q

Airborne precautionary measures?

A

-single room
-closed door
6-9 air changes per day
-air from room is not recirculated
respirators that fit face
-patient doesn’t leave room unless it is essential
-patient wheres surgical mask as well

25
Q

Droplet transmission; specific diseases/ symptoms

A
  • brochettes
  • bacterial meningitis
  • pertussis
  • resp. viruses
  • influenza
  • adenovirus
26
Q

Droplet precautions?

A
  • single room, preferred
  • may cohort patients with same diagnosis
  • keep 1-2 meters b/w bassinets in nurseries
  • door kept open
  • surgical mask
  • eye protection
  • gowns
  • gloves
  • patients leave room with gloves, mask and gown on
27
Q

Contact transmission disease examples

A

C. diff
MRSA (antibiotic resistant bacteria)
VRE

28
Q

Contact precautions

A
  • gowns and gloves
  • single room preferred
  • clean environment
  • patient transported with clean gown/sheet and complete hand hygiene
29
Q

Healthy Workplace?

A

-don’t come to hospital is you have acute illness
-resp. infections
-GI, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes/ lesions
keep immunizations up to date

30
Q

Acute care precautions

A

-hand washing, gloves, gown, masks

catheters, surgical incisions, open/ broken skin

31
Q

Long term care precautions

A
  • peg tubes, ulcers

- hand washing, gloves, mask, gown

32
Q

Senior residences precautions

A
  • self care, intact skin, able to follow directions

- hand washing, gloves, really gowns

Microbiology-HH3 (6 decks)

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