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Nursing Process > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Disinfection

A

eliminating many/all microorganisms
Alcohols, chlorines, hydrogen peroxide
Examples: patient rooms between inpatients; linens, stethoscopes

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2
Q

Sterilization

A

complete elimination of all pathogens, including spores
Steam under pressure and special chemicals
Examples: surgical instruments, implants, urinary catheters

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3
Q

Contact Precautions

A

Gowns, gloves

Wash hands with soap, water after leaving room (+)

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4
Q

Contact Precautions - Examples

A 
Major wound infections
VRE
MRSA
Scabies
Herpes simplex
Cdiff (contact PLUS)
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5
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

Droplets larger than 5 microns, being within 3 feet of patient
Private room
Mask/respirator
not N95

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6
Q

Droplet Precautions - Examples

A 
Diptheria
Rubella
Pertussis
Mycoplasma PNA
Meningococcal PNA or sepsis
Influenza
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7
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

(highest risk precaution)
Droplets smaller than 5 microns, remain in air for longer periods of time
*Private negative pressure room (suction effect - keeps all the bad air in)
Air is filtered thru high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) *N95 respirator for personnel

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8
Q

Airborne Precautions - Examples

A

Examples:
Measles
Chickenpox
TB

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9
Q

“Reverse” isolation - Protective Environment

A

Protects immunocompromised patients
*Positive pressure private room - pushes air out (bad germs from the outside doesn’t come in)
Air is filtered thru high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
Patient must wear mask when out of their room

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10
Q

Lab Data Supporting Infection

A

Elevated Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Cultures of urine, blood, sputum, or other drainage
Elevated WBC count (normal is 5000 to 10,000/mm3)
Changes in WBC differential (see next slide)

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11
Q

Exudate - Serous

A

clear, thin, and watery (plasma)

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12
Q

Exudate - Purulent

A

opaque, thick, and viscous (WBC & bacteria)

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13
Q

Exudate - Sanguineous

A

bloody drainage (RBC)

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14
Q

Exudate - Sero-sanguineous

A

both blood and the liquid

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15
Q

Neutrophils: 40% to 60%

A

increased chances of acute infection; decreased viral infection, widespread bacteremia

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16
Q

Lymphocytes: 20% to 40%

A

increased chances of chronic bacterial or viral infection, Hepatitis

17
Q

Monocytes: 2% to 8%

A

increased chances of chronic bacterial or viral infection, TB

18
Q

Eosinophils: 1% to 4%

A

increased chances of parasitic infection

19
Q

Basophils: 0.5% to 1%

A

increased chances of after splenectomy, allergic rxn, varicella; decreased chances of acute infection

20
Q

Hepatitis A:

A

feces;
highly contagious liver infection
vaccine

21
Q

Hepatitis B:

A

blood, body fluids, sexual contact
highly contagious liver infection
vaccine

22
Q

Hepatitis C:

A

blood, body fluids, sexual contact
almost always chronic and spreads only by blood
no vaccine

23
Q

HSV 1:

A

lesions on mouth/skin, saliva

herpes

24
Q

Varicella

A

spread by cough, sneeze

Chickenpox

25
Q

Candida albicans

A

mouth, skin, colon, genital tract

mouth or throat is called “thrush” or oropharyngeal candidiasis.

26
Q

E.Coli:

A

usually colon, GI tract, urinary tract

27
Q

Staph aureas:

A

usually skin, hair, nares, mouth

28
Q

Streptococcus (group A):

A

usually oropharynx

29
Q

Streptococcus (group B):

A

adult genitalia

30
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis:

A

lungs, larynx

31
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A

blood (malaria)

32
Q

Contact Isolation Plus Before Entering - Steps

A

Disinfect hands with Cal Stat
Put on gown - tie gown
Put on Gloves

33
Q

Contact Isolation Plus Upon Leaving - Steps

A

Remove Gloves
Remove gown
Wash and Dry hands w/ soap and water
Disinfect hands w/ Cal Stat

34
Q

Contact Isolation Before Entering - Steps

A

Disinfect hands with Cal Stat
Put on gown - tie gown
Put on Gloves

35
Q

Contact Isolation Upon Leaving - Steps

A

Remove Gloves
Remove gown
Disinfect hands w/ Cal Stat

36
Q

Droplet Isolation Before Entering - Steps

A

Disinfect hands with Cal Stat

Put on Surgical Mask

37
Q

Droplet Isolation Upon Leaving - Steps

A

Remove Surgical Mask

Disinfect hands with Cal Stat

38
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

Insertion of peripheral IV catheters or a central intravenous line
trauma to the skin by surgical incision or burns
insertion of a urinary catheter
Suctioning tracheobronchial airway
sterile dressing change

Nursing Process (3 decks)

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