Infection Control

Question 1

Direct Contact Transmission

Answer 1

Person-to-Person or person-to-source

feces to mouth or contaminated food

Question 2

Indirect Contact Transmission

Answer 2

Contaminated inanimate object to person

Sharps, dressings

Question 3

Droplet Transmission

Answer 3

Large Particles
Travel up to 3 feet
(Coughing, sneezing, talking)

Question 4

Airborne Transmission

Answer 4

Droplet nuclei/residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air
(As a result of coughing, sneezing or coughing)

Question 5

Vehicle Transmission

Answer 5

Contaminated Items
Water, Food
Blood, Water, Drugs

Question 6

Vector Transmission

Answer 6

Via insects

-can be external mechanical (flies) or internal (parasites like mosquitos, ticks, etc).

Question 7

Before hand washing, inspect hands for…

Answer 7

… breaks/cuts in skin or cuticles

• short nails
• visible soiling

Question 8

Hand antisepsis using alcohol-based waterless rub

Answer 8

Push back sleeves and wristwatch

Rub antiseptic on hands until dry (if dry within 10-15 econds, likely not enough!) By

Question 9

Handwashing technique with soap

Answer 9

Don’t let hands or uniform touch sink
Once water is on, don’t let water splash on uniform
Warm water, hands and wrists
3mL to 5mL soap
15-20 seconds or “Happy Birthday” twice
Rub palms with back of hands in circles at least 5 times each
Fingertips down, elbows up
Dry hands from fingers UP

Question 10

Standard Precautions

Answer 10

Use with all patients
-applies to blood, fluids, excretions (not sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes, + contaminated surfaces/items

• Hand hygiene before/between/after patient contact
• also, after contact with fluids, surfaces in pt’s room, immediately after glove removal
• when hands are soiled - soap/water (when not, alcohol-based rub)
• if potential spore-contact, use antimicrobial soap

Private room not necessary unless poor hygiene situation - wound drainage, uncontained secretions
Sharps in sharps container (don’t cap needles if not automatic)

Pts to cover nose/mouth when coughing or sneezing, use tissues for respiratory secretions, hand hygiene after.
Contain resp secretions with mask. Sit at least 3ft away.

Question 11

Airborne Precautions - Diseases

Answer 11

Droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns

Measles, Chickenpox, Pulm. or Laryngeal Tuberculosis, Disseminated varicella-zoster

Question 12

Airborne Precautions - Protections

Answer 12

Private Room
Neg-pressure airflow of 6-12 exchanges/hr via HEPA filtration
Mask or n95 respirator if condition warrants

Question 13

Droplet Precautions - Diseases/Conditions

Answer 13

Droplets larger than 5 microns; being within 3 ft of pt.

B. Pertussis
Influenza
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
N. Meningitides
Group A Strep (until first 24 hrs of antimicrobial therapy)

Question 14

Droplet Precautions - Protection

Answer 14

Private Room (or cohort pts)
Mask or respirator (depending on condition)

Question 15

Contact Precautions - Diseases/Conditions

Answer 15

Direct patient Contact or environmental contact

Infection/Colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms

• MRsA, VRE
• C. Diff, Shigella, enteric pathogens
• Major Wound Infections
• Herpes Simplex, Scabies, Varicella Zoster (disseminated)
• RSV in infants, young kids, immunocompromised adults

Question 16

Contact Precautions - Protections

Answer 16

Private Room or Cohort Pts

Gloves, Gowns

Question 17

Protective Environment - Conditions/Diseases

Answer 17

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants

Question 18

Protective Environment - Protections

Answer 18

Private Room
Positive Pressure airflow with 12+ exchanges per hour
HEPA filtration for incoming air
Mask worn by PT when out of room