Infection Control Flashcards
Healthy flora in our large intestine
It is a disease causing in urinary tract UTI)
E-coli
It is a healthy intestinal and oral flora. Overgrowth results in thrush
Candida (fungus)
Parasites that live in soil enter body
Dysentery
Necrotizing fasciitis
🔸strep A, klebsiella, clostridium
It is a Walkerton E. Coli outbreak
caused by dangerous strain - E. coli 0157:H7
Emerging infectious diseases such as:
- SARS
- West Nike
- Zika
- Ebola
**treatment is often trial and error
** currently no vaccines
sickle shape RBC are poor host to the malarial parasite. Thus…
Patients with sickle cell hemoglobin are resistant to Malaria
Why are emerging infectious diseases on the rise?
◽️⬆️ natural disasters (people consume contaminated water)
▫️globalization (when we travel more, we bring diseases with us too, increase spread of disease to people globally
▫️misuse/overuse of antibiotics
▫️climate change
Requires an infectious agent?
pathogens
Pathogens needs ______ - somewhere to live, grow, reproduce
reservoir
transmission requires a _____
factors include: _____, ______, _______, _____
▫️susceptible host
▫️age, health status, exposure to agent, immune status
How to reduce susceptibility to microorganisms?
▫️provide adequate nutrition and rest, ▫️promote body defenses against infection
▫️provide immunization
Five (5) modes of transmission
- Contact (pink eye, c. diff)
- Droplet (talking, coughing, sneezing travels 1-2 meters)
- Vehicle (food, water, milk, beding, biological products)
- Airborne (chicken pox, pertussis, TB)
- Vectorborne (bites: rabies, west nile, Lyme: feces: hantavirus)
Antibiotics Resistant Organisms (ARO’s)
▫️superbugs
- overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics
▫️Creates
- resistant to multiple antibiotics; bacteria evolve genetically
- reduced options for treatment
▫️ examples
🔸MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)
🔸VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci)
It causes mild to sever diarrhea and also colitis.
- prolonged ABX therapy destroy normal flora, allowing this spore bacteria to grow
it spreads through oral-fecal route
Clostridium difficile infection
C. Diff can live on hard surfaces for up to ______ months
🔸 5
formerly known as nosocomial infections
Health care associated infections
5 moments of hand hygiene
- Before patient contact
- before an aseptic task
- After body fluid exposure risk
- After patient contact
- After contact with patient surroundings
When should hands be washed (vs. sanitizer)
▫️ when visibly soiled
▫️before and after client contact
▫️after contact with a source microorganism (blood, body fluids, mucus membrane, non intact skin or inanimate objects that might be contaminated)
▫️prior to performance of invasive procedures (IV catheters, in dwelling catheters)
▫️before and after removing gloves
▫️at the beginning and end of every shift
Single most common route of transmission
Used to prevent transmission of microorganisms spread by direct/indirect contact with the source
- MRSA
- VRE
- C. diff
- contagious skin infections.. lice and scabies
▫️contact isolation
Used to prevent transmission of microorganisms spread by large, moist droplets inhaled by or landing on the mucous membranes of the susceptible host
- adenovirus
- influenza
- neisseria meningitis
- some pneumonias
- vaccine preventable diseases:
Rubella, mumps, pertussis
Droplet Isolation
Used to prevent this transmission of microorganisms spread on very small particles that drift on air currents. Stay in air circulation. Stay in air circulation
- TB - varicella - measles
**control of disease spread requires control of air flow
Airborne isolation
Both are caused by varicella zoster virus
shingles and chicken pox (airborne)
Once infected with shingles virus stays dormant along root ganglia
Shingles remain along nerve roots and therefore create nerve pain when re-activated
