Infection Control

Question 1

Healthy flora in our large intestine

It is a disease causing in urinary tract UTI)

Answer 1

E-coli

Question 2

It is a healthy intestinal and oral flora. Overgrowth results in thrush

Answer 2

Candida (fungus)

Question 3

Parasites that live in soil enter body

Answer 3

Dysentery

Question 4

Necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 4

🔸strep A, klebsiella, clostridium

Question 5

It is a Walkerton E. Coli outbreak

Answer 5

caused by dangerous strain - E. coli 0157:H7

Question 6

Emerging infectious diseases such as:

Answer 6

• SARS
• West Nike
• Zika
• Ebola

**treatment is often trial and error

** currently no vaccines

Question 7

sickle shape RBC are poor host to the malarial parasite. Thus…

Answer 7

Patients with sickle cell hemoglobin are resistant to Malaria

Question 8

Why are emerging infectious diseases on the rise?

Answer 8

◽️⬆️ natural disasters (people consume contaminated water)
▫️globalization (when we travel more, we bring diseases with us too, increase spread of disease to people globally
▫️misuse/overuse of antibiotics
▫️climate change

Question 9

Requires an infectious agent?

Answer 9

pathogens

Question 10

Pathogens needs ______ - somewhere to live, grow, reproduce

Answer 10

reservoir

Question 11

transmission requires a _____

factors include: _____, ______, _______, _____

Answer 11

▫️susceptible host

▫️age, health status, exposure to agent, immune status

Question 12

How to reduce susceptibility to microorganisms?

Answer 12

▫️provide adequate nutrition and rest, ▫️promote body defenses against infection
▫️provide immunization

Question 13

Five (5) modes of transmission

Answer 13

1. Contact (pink eye, c. diff)
2. Droplet (talking, coughing, sneezing travels 1-2 meters)
3. Vehicle (food, water, milk, beding, biological products)
4. Airborne (chicken pox, pertussis, TB)
5. Vectorborne (bites: rabies, west nile, Lyme: feces: hantavirus)

Question 14

Antibiotics Resistant Organisms (ARO’s)

Answer 14

▫️superbugs
- overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics
▫️Creates
- resistant to multiple antibiotics; bacteria evolve genetically
- reduced options for treatment
▫️ examples
🔸MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)
🔸VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci)

Question 15

It causes mild to sever diarrhea and also colitis.
- prolonged ABX therapy destroy normal flora, allowing this spore bacteria to grow

it spreads through oral-fecal route

Answer 15

Clostridium difficile infection

Question 16

C. Diff can live on hard surfaces for up to ______ months

Answer 16

🔸 5

Question 17

formerly known as nosocomial infections

Answer 17

Health care associated infections

Question 18

5 moments of hand hygiene

Answer 18

1. Before patient contact
2. before an aseptic task
3. After body fluid exposure risk
4. After patient contact
5. After contact with patient surroundings

Question 19

When should hands be washed (vs. sanitizer)

Answer 19

▫️ when visibly soiled
▫️before and after client contact
▫️after contact with a source microorganism (blood, body fluids, mucus membrane, non intact skin or inanimate objects that might be contaminated)
▫️prior to performance of invasive procedures (IV catheters, in dwelling catheters)
▫️before and after removing gloves
▫️at the beginning and end of every shift

Question 20

Single most common route of transmission
Used to prevent transmission of microorganisms spread by direct/indirect contact with the source
- MRSA
- VRE
- C. diff
- contagious skin infections.. lice and scabies

Answer 20

▫️contact isolation

Question 21

Used to prevent transmission of microorganisms spread by large, moist droplets inhaled by or landing on the mucous membranes of the susceptible host
- adenovirus
- influenza
- neisseria meningitis
- some pneumonias
- vaccine preventable diseases:
Rubella, mumps, pertussis

Answer 21

Droplet Isolation

Question 22

Used to prevent this transmission of microorganisms spread on very small particles that drift on air currents. Stay in air circulation. Stay in air circulation

- TB
- varicella 
- measles

**control of disease spread requires control of air flow

Answer 22

Airborne isolation

Question 23

Both are caused by varicella zoster virus

Answer 23

shingles and chicken pox (airborne)

Question 24

Once infected with shingles virus stays dormant along root ganglia

Answer 24

Shingles remain along nerve roots and therefore create nerve pain when re-activated