Infection Control Flashcards
How is Rotavirus spread?
Ingestion (faecal-oral route
What are the clinical symptoms of rotavirus?
Fever, vomiting followed by diarrhoea (not bloody), lasts a week. 100-1000 particles.
What does rotavirus do?
It affects absorption and secretion in the bowel
How is Rotavirus diagnosed?
PCR in the faeces
How is rotavirus managed?
Hydration, oral preferably.
Describe the rotavirus vaccine
oral, live, excreted in the faeces, 2 doses, 1st not given to over 15 week old babies, no doses to babies over 24 weeks.
In babies, what is the risk of intususseption of the rotavirus?
1 in 1000
How is norovirus spread?
person to person (food/water)
What are the symptoms of norovirus?
asymptomatic shedding (48 hrs post cessation of symptoms)
abrupt + unpredictable onset
D&V - explosive and sudden
What’s the incubation of norovirus ctd?
<12 hrs (lasts 2-4 days)
How is it norovirus diagnosed?
PCR on stool takes 6 hours, PCR on vomit using red Copan viral swabs.
What % of C diff is found in healthy adult faeces?
2-5%
Describe CDI (C diff infection)
mild and bloody (pseudomembranous) may be 12 weeks before symptoms began, relapses occur 30% of the time, 40% acquired in the community, occurs particularly in females over 65 years.
How many patients are CDI colonised on admission?
75%
How do you diagnose C diif?
Stool testing, sigmoidoscopy, may require a CT scan
What other infections are spread by faecal-oral route?
Hepatitis A and typhoid. Also, vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
How long should you stay off work if presenting with symptoms?
48 hours after symptoms stop!
What do all stools get?
Sal/Shigella/Campy/O 157 & crypto
What stools get C diff?
Over 15 years
What are global factors for GI illness?
Poor sanitation/hygiene
commercialisation of food
importation of food from other countries
increase in day care/care home
international travel
acid suppression
healthcare associated infections of the GI tract.
