Infection Control Flashcards
PPE required for: Obtaining a blood sample
Gloves and apron
PPE required for: Changing a soiled bed
Gloves and apron
PPE required for: Insertion of a urinary catheter
Sterile gloves and apron
PPE required for: Catheter care, e.g. emptying a catheter bag
Gloves and apron
PPE required for: Removing an intravenous device
Gloves and apron
PPE required for: Tracheal suctioning
Gloves, apron, face protection in some Trusts
PPE required for: Caring for patient with suspected pulmonary TB
Gloves, apron, mouth protection in some trusts (special masks if suspected MDR-TB)
PPE required for: Cleaning up a blood spill
Gloves and apron
PPE required for: Aseptic technique
Sterile gloves and apron
PPE required for: Surgical procedure in theatre
Sterile gloves, sterile gown, masks in some Trusts, headgear in some Trusts, face protection for some procedures
PPE required for: Wound dressing
Sterile gloves and apron (regardless of infected or not)
PPE required for: Central line management
Sterile gloves and apron
PPE required for: Cleaning patient equipment
Gloves and apron
PPE required for: Using disinfectants
Gloves and apron
How many patients are estimated to die of Health-care associated infection every year?
5000
What is not a part of the standard precautions that should be used for infection prevention in a hospital setting?
Regular change of uniform and prophylactic antibiotics.
Which items of personal protective equipment (PPE) are required when caring for a patient infected with Clostridium difficile?
Apron and gloves
What percentage of patients are likely to acquire an infection while in hospital?
10%
What is the most appropriate method to decontaminate hands when caring for patients suffering Clostridium difficile infection?
Wash hands with soap and water following patient contact
When making up disinfectants by adding water, after how long should the solution made be thrown away?
24 hours - Label with date and time so others know how long it has been open.
Items in contact with healthy intact skin or
not in contact with the patient are considered what level of risk and what method of decontamination should be used?
Low risk, cleaning.
Items in contact with mucous
membranes, contaminated with body
fluids or prior to use on an immuno-
compromised patient are considered what level of risk and what method of decontamination should be used?
Intermediate risk, disinfection.
Items in contact with broken skin or
mucous membranes or introduced into
a sterile body cavity are considered what level of risk and what method of decontamination should be used?
High risk, sterilisation.
What is meant by cleaning?
Removal of accumulated deposits by
washing with a cleaning solution.
Reduces number of organisms and
removes dirt, grease, organic matter
What is meant by disinfection?
Partial removal or destruction of organisms
to reduce them to a safe level
Not all viruses and spores
Chemicals / heat
Must be cleaned prior to this.
What is meant by sterilisation?
Complete removal or destruction of all
organisms including spores NOT prions
Use of autoclave
Examples of disinfectants
Include chlorine releasing agents, alcohol (liquid & wipes), quaternary ammonium compounds (dettol)
What is the symbol for single use items?
2 with a line through it.
Why might patients be isolated?
Dying patients
Disturbed sleep
At increased risk of developing infection
Have a transmissible infection
What is source isolation?
This is carried out when a patient has a
known or suspected infection and it
refers to isolating the source of
infection.
Isolation in a single room or cohorting
Standard precautions - put on PPE before going in, take off & wash hands before coming out
Adequate provision of protective clothing
Decontamination of equipment / cleaning - important!
Laundry management
Additional precautions in some infections e.g. masks in TB, no cohorting
Staff / visitor restrictions with some infections
Negative pressure rooms
Communication – with all staff, patients, visitors, ICN
Watch other patients – some may also need to be isolated
If diarrhoea or air borne, may need to rearrange other appointments
Patient information
Psychological effects
Patients with which infections might be source isolated?
Norovirus, C.Diff, MRSA.
What is protective isolation?
Isolation – positive pressure Washing of hands and donning of protective clothing prior to entering room – but look at where PPE is being stored! Staff restrictions Standard precautions Asepsis – endogenous risk
