Infection control 2 - Vaccination 1 Flashcards
What is active immunity?
Protection that is produced by an individual’s own immune system and is usually long-lasting
What is passive immunity?
Protection provided from the transfer of antibodies from immune individuals, most commonly across the placenta or less often from the transfusion of blood or blood products from immunoglobulin
What is human normal immunoglobulin?
Derived from the pooled plasma of donors and contains antibodies to infectious agents that are currently prevalent in the general population
State the 5 types of vaccines.
- Live attenuated
- Inactivated/Killed
- Toxoid (inactivated toxin)
- Subunit/conjugate
- Viral vector/genetic
What are the two reasons for vaccine failure?
- Primary failure - an individual fails to make an
initial immunological response to the vaccine - Secondary failure - an individual responds
initially but then protection wanes over time
What is the flu caused by?
- Influenza cerusse that infect the nose, throat and sometimes the lungs
What do symptoms of the flu include?
- Fever
- Runny nose
- Sore throat
- Muscle pain
- Headache
- Coughing
- Fatigue
How long do symptoms of the flu last?
2-8 days
What can the flue lead to?
Complications such as pneumonia
Why is there vaccine hesitancy?
- Delay in acceptance or refusal of safe vaccines
despite availability of vaccine services: - It is caused by complex, context specific factors that
vary across time, place, and different vaccines:
– Confidence
– Complacency
– Convenience
What is cervical cancer caused by?
Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV)-16 or HPV-18
What does HPV vaccine contain?
Virus-like particles which are used for immunisation (e.g.
HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, HPV-18)
When is the HPV most effective?
If given before sexual activity starts
