Infection Control Flashcards

Question

Droplet

Answer 1

Used for infections spread by coughing, sneezing or talking influenza, pertussis (whooping cough), Coronavirus, mumps ROOM: private room with door closed. Cohort patients with dedicated sink and toilet. PPE: Gown, gloves and mask or respirator. Influenza: precautions, patient to wear mask, hand washing always. Frequent hand washing, cleaning and disinfecting of supplies. Vaccinations are critical. If patient is constantly coughing, take a step back and come back in a few minutes. Patient that is uncomfortable: Telling them the importance of putting on PPE…to protect you, us and it’s what we do…standard precaution. “I’m so gross” – how are you doing to deal with those patients…”Provide friendly conversation. Treat them as a whole.

Answer 2

Used for infections transmitted by airborne droplets TB, measles, chicken pox ROOM: private room with door closed. Dedicated sink and toilet. Room air exhausted outside through HEPA filter. PPE: Gown, gloves and mask/face shield. Patient to wear mask during transport.

Answer 3

Local Systemic

Answer 4

Redness, swelling, warmth, pain and loss of function (mosquito bite could become systemic.)

Answer 5

An infection that has spread throughout the body (lost control and starts to spread, spread to the blood, etc. Chronic Systemic Infection – (i.e HIV) fever, fatigue, malaise, nausea, increased white blood count

Answer 6

from microorganisms external to the individual that do not exist as normal flora i.e. Salmonella or Clostridiumtetani

Answer 7

occurs when some of the patient’s flora become altered and overgrowth results i.e. yeasts, streptococci

Answer 8

MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) frequently identified pathogen associated with increased mortality. Clostridioides difficile infection is one of the most common and costly HAIs. HAND HYGIENE IS NEEDED VRE (Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus) There is no treatment for MRSA and VRE. C-Diff (Clostridioides Difficile Infection)

Answer 9

Normal Flora Body Defense System Inflammation

Answer 10

Homeostasis They are microorganisms that reside in the body to help maintain health

Answer 11

Many body systems have unique defenses against infection Skin (biggest defense), mouth, Eye, Respiratory Track, Urinary Tract, Gastrointestinal Tract (food poisoning) and Vagina (pH of the vagina - is body of defense)

Answer 12

Response at the vascular and tissue level. Protective vascular reaction in response to injury or infection (resource itself to islolate things) Vascular and Cellular Responses Immediate response to cellular injury Inflammatory Exudates Clear watery plasma (serous) Blood tinged (sanguineous) Thin, watery drainage (serosanguineous) Thick drainage that contains pus (purulent) Tissue Repair Damaged cells are eventually replaced with new ones

Answer 13

Intrinsic Factors: Age, culture, gender, immusuppression. Extrinsic Factors Underlying disease – any chronic disease makes you at risk (i.e. HIV, liver disease, HEP B, alcoholic, asthma) (Chronic Diseases: Cancer, Diabetes, Arthritis, Rental failure, asthma) High risk Groups: Diabetic Cancer Immunosuppression Medical Therapy Certain drugs decrease body to fight off infection. They have amino-suppress properties (hummara, methotrexate, stilera) Stress Not sleeping – more prone to infection, If stress continues or becomes intense, elevated cortisone levels result in a decreased resistance to infection.

Answer 14

process for keeping away disease-producing microorganisms

Answer 15

Commonly referred to as clean technique. Involves handwashing, using clean gloves and routine cleaning. after an object becomes unsterile it is considered contaminated (used bedpan, floor, used dressings, etc.) Surgical instruments, intravascular catheters, needles, urinary catheters, stechcoples, linens, blood pressure cuffs, thermometers, etc.) Procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms Includes appropriate handwashing, cleaning of equipment, and disposal of contaminated linen and sharps Designed to protect patients in all settings.

Answer 16

rinse contaminated object with cold running water. After rinsing, wash object with soap and warm water. Use a brush to remove dirt or material in groves. Rinse with warm water. Dry object and prepare it for disinfection or sterilization. The brush, gloves and sink in which equipment is cleaned should be considered contaminated and should be cleaned and dried.

Answer 17

destruction of all microorganisms. Steam under pressure, ethylene oxide gas, hydrogen peroxide plasma chemicals are sterilizing agents

Answer 18

Concentration of solution and duration of contact. Type and number of pathogens Surface areas to treat Temperature and environment – disinfectants tend to work best at room temperature Presence of soap – soap may cause certain disinfectants to be ineffective. Presence of organic materials – disinfectants can become inactivated unless blood, saliva, pus or body excretions are already washed off.

Answer 19

Bathing – use soap and water to remove drainage, dried secretions Dressing changes Contaminated Articles – proper disposal. Contaminated needles – dispose of in a puncture proof container Bedside Unit - keep clean Bottled solutions – do not leave open for prolonged periods. Keep tightly capped Surgical Wounds – keep drainage tubes and collection bags patent to prevent the accumulation of serous fluid under the skin surface Drainage of bottles and bags – never raise a drainage system above the level of the site being drained unless the drainage system is clamped off.

Answer 20

Isolation can be psychologically harmful Patients may feel unclean, rejected, lonely, or guilty (i.e. get a person a TV, books, games) Education regarding the condition, reason for isolation and how they can help prevent the spread is key Keep the room tidy, curtains open (during the day) and don’t rush through care if possible Provide comfort measures, conversation, and puzzles/games/books if appropriate

Answer 21

Hand hygiene is always number 1. Before you do anything else. **REMEMBER Before entering the room Before starting a procedure After patient contact (doing a procedure or task that has the ability to soil hands/changing gloves (drained a cathedar, cleaned a wound, direct patient contact and after risk of fluid) Before leaving the room

Answer 22

It takes 40-60 seconds to clean hands washing with soap and water Stand in front of sink, keeping hands and uniform away from sink Turn on water Regulate flow of water so temperature is warm Wet hands and wrists thoroughly Apply soap and rub hands together Perform hand hygiene for 15 seconds Rinse hands and wrists, keeping hands down and elbows up Dry hands thoroughly from fingers to wrists with paper towel. Turn off hand faucet using clean dry paper towel.

Answer 23

Isolation Gown Mask N95 mask (if needed) Eye Protection Gloves

Answer 24

Wash your hands Apply gown, ensuring it covers all clothing Tie at neck and waist Pull sleeves down to wrists

Answer 25

Surgical mask Apply over mouth and nose Adjust nose piece to ensure snug fit If mask has ties, ensure to tie the top strings first. Then N95 mask

Answer 26

Apply over eyes and/or eyeglasses Ensure eyewear/face shield is snug around your forehead and face.

Answer 27

Apply clean, disposable gloves Bring cuffs over the edge of the gown sleeves

Answer 28

Gloves Wash hands Gown Wash hands Eye Protection Mask Wash hands

Answer 29

Remove gloves by taking hold of the cuff and pulling off so that is comes off inside out. Put that glove into the other (still gloved) and and remove the 2nd glove. Promptly place in the garbage. Wash or sanitize hands.

Answer 30

Carefully untie at neck and waist Remove from the back of the gown at shoulders and pull gown down over the arms, turning it inside out Place in hamper (if washable) or garbage (if disposable). Try not to touch the outer front of the gown Once again, wash/sanitize hands

Answer 31

Handle only headband or earpieces Put reusable items in appropriate place for cleaning Put disposable items into the garbage Glasses (just clean them after)

Answer 32

Handle only by ties or elastic bands Lean forward and remove away from face If mask ties, undo bottom tie first Put into the garbage Once again, wash/sanitize your hands

Answer 33

Removing foreign material from objects and surfaces Once an object comes into contact with blood, secretions, excretions or microorganisms it is considered contaminated and must be cleaned or discarded. he person cleaning the item must also protect themselves from becoming contaminated (use of PPE) Last step in cleaning: pre-clean area and then disinfect area

Answer 34

Removes all pathogens with the exception of bacterial spores Involves heat, chemicals or UV light Objects must be cleaned BEFORE they are disinfected What is the difference between a disinfectant (i.e. bleach and water) and an antiseptic? What examples can you provide of chemical disinfectants?

Answer 35

i. Private room (room door kept closed) ii. Negative pressure airflow of at least six exchanges per hour. 1. Respirator protection device (N95 respirator) must be worn when the patient has tuberculosis. iii. PPE for Entering the Patient room: 1. Hand hygiene before entering and when exiting 2. N95 respiration, fit-tested and fit-checked

Answer 36

i. Private room (room door kept open) ii. Gloves and gown upon entry into isolation room; limiting patient movement outside isolation room to necessary medical treatments or procedures; cleaning and disinfecting or discarding items before removal from isolation room

Answer 37

i. Single room with dedicated washroom ii. Door may be open iii. Dedicated patient care equipment b. PPE for Entering the Patient Room: i. Hand hygiene before entering and when exitng ii. Gowns and gloves for all healthcare workers c. If patient leaves room for essential purposes i. Clean hands ii. Clean housecoat or other clean over (not and isolation gown)

Answer 38

i. Gloves: Healthcare providers should wear gloves when touching the patient, their wound, or any contaminated surfaces or items. ii. Gowns: A gown should be worn over clothing to protect against contact with the patient’s wound or any contaminated materials. iii. Hand hygiene is crucial. Hands should be washed with soap and water or sanitized with an alcohol-based hand rub before and after patient contact, after removing gloves, and after touching contaminated surfaces

Answer 39

i. Room should be clean and pleasant. ii. Active Listening. Nurses must listen to the patient’s concerns or interests. iii. Providing comfort measures such as repositioning, a back massage, etc. iv. Offer board games, puzzles or other activities that can be done v. Video calls with family (if they have any)

Answer 40

Commonly referred to as sterile technique. This is not included in our learning outcomes at this time.