Infection Control Flashcards
Also known as a nosocomial infection acquired or occurring in a hospital
Health care associated infection
HAI
A group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients regardless of suspected or confirmed diagnosis or presumed infection status
Standard precautions
Contact is the most frequent type of HAI.
Two types of contacts are:
Direct and indirect contact
Standard precautions are concepts in which all body fluids are assumed to be infected with blood borne pathogens
Infection control concepts
Preventing infection
Aseptic technique
A specific causative disease located in the blood
( as bacteria or viruses)
Blood borne pathogens
Communicable by contact with one who has it with a bodily discharge of such a patient or with an object touch by an patient
Contagious disease
Communicable diseases
An organism of microscopic of ultra microscopic size
Microorganisms
Infectious agent
1 of chain of infection
A disease producing microorganisms
Pathogen
Any portal of exit can be used as a
Portal of entry
Portal of entry
5 chain of infection
Occurs when the droplets from an infected person are projected a short distance to the host nasal mucosa mouth or conjunctiva
Equipment
Shoe covers
Surgical cap
Gown
Mask
Gloves
Protective eyewear
Droplet infection
Involves contact with contaminated inanimate objects
Indirect contact
Susceptible host
6 chain of infection
A person who becomes ill after the pathogen enters the body b/c they cannot fight off the pathogen
Susceptible host
A human host may be a susceptible host by
Virtue of age
Weak health
Broken skin
Is the single most method of preventing the spread of disease causing microorganisms
Handwashing
AIDS in removal of organisms
Soap and detergent
Kills or suppresses the growth of microorganisms
Antimicrobial
Disease causing microorganisms
Infection agent
( pathogen)
The edge of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated. A ___ inch margin around the edge of the field is considered contaminated.
One
A sterile technique includes procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms including pathogens & spores from an object or area.
Surgical asepsis
A sterile object remain sterile only when
Touched by another sterile object
Only sterile objects may be placed on the
Sterile field
If exposed to an infectious hazard all personnel should immediately notify their ______________
Immediate supervisor
Single cell microorganism that multiply rapidly
Bacteria
Rules to surgical asepsis
- Know what’s sterile
- Know what’s not sterile
- Separate sterile from unsterile
- Remedy contamination immediately
Person to person physical contact between source and susceptible host
Indirect contact
Hospital acquired infection
HAIs
The manner in which an infectious agent moves from one source to another. ( touch, airborne droplets, medical instruments, mosquitoes, vermin)
Mode of transmission
Mode of transmission
4 Chain of infections
An exit route for pathogens to leave its host
Portal of exit
Portal of exit
3 chain of infection
A place where the pathogen grows and reproduces
Reservoir
Reservoir
2 chain of infection
Parasitic worms or flukes
Helminthes
Unicellular microorganisms that can infect the blood brain intestines and other body areas
Protozoa
DNA or RNA is encased in a protein coating. This can not reproduce outside of an living area
Viruses
Designed to reproduce the risks of transmission of microorganisms by direct or indirect contact. Apply to specified patients known or suspected to be infected or colonized with microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact
Exam Gloves
Isolation gowns
Contact precautions
Involves procedures used to reduced and prevent the spread of microorganisms. Hand hygiene using clean gloves and cleaning the environment routinely
Medical asepsis
( cleaning technique)
The condition of being aseptic
Asepsis
To free from infection especially by destroying microorganisms
(Action)
Disinfection
Directed or effective against bacteria
Antibacterial
Preventing or arresting the growth of microorganisms
Antiseptic
Union or junction of body surfaces
Direct contact
To free from infection especially by destroying harmful microorganisms
( product )
Disinfectant
To soil stain or infect by contact or association
Contaminated
A sterile object being held below __________ or sterile field out of the range of vision is considered contaminated.
The waist
Occur when infectious particles dispersed in the air enters the host by inhalation
Exam Mask
N95
Airborne transmission
Occurs through a bite
Vector transmission
Infective agent or material contaminated with an infective agent
Infection
Preventing infection clean technique
Aseptic technique
A sequence of circumstances where all events must occur to develop an infection
Chain of infection
A place where pathogens enters the body
Portal of entry
A separation for an period communicability of infected people or animals from others so as to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmission of the infection agent from those susceptible
Isolation
