Infection Control

Question 1

What are the 3 stakeholders of infection control protocol?

Answer 1

1. personnel (administration, practitioners, & people who physically maintain the building
2. patients
3. visitors

Question 2

What are the two main goals of preventing infection?

Answer 2

1. eliminate it (treat the person )
2. isolate it (prevent it by guaranteeing the person)

Question 3

What are the 4 types of pathogens?

Answer 3

1. bacteria
2. viruses
3. parasites
4. fungi

Question 4

How are most microbes killed?

Answer 4

by excessive heat and light

Question 5

What must the home for a pathogen contain?

Answer 5

• water
• nutrients
• oxygen
• warm temp (30-40 degrees)
• the absence of light

Question 6

What are MROs?

Answer 6

multidrug-resistant organisms

they adapt based on exposure of the same vaccines over and over again

Question 7

Why are MROs a growing problem?

Answer 7

1. overprescription of medicine
2. overuse of antibiotics
3. people don’t finish their medications

Question 8

What 2 pathogens are crazy resistant and ultra-adaptive?

Answer 8

MRSA: likes to nestle itself in fecal matter
VRE: lives on surfaces and biological surfaces

Question 9

What does infection mean?

Answer 9

the pathogen enters the blood

Question 10

What is the chain of infection?

Answer 10

a six-stage cycle that demonstrates how transmissibility works in a population

Question 11

Outline the chain of infection

Answer 11

1. infective agent (pathogen itself)
2. reservoir (biological home)
3. portals of exit (how does the pathogen exit the home)
4. modes of transmission (how does it travel to the next home)
5. portals of entry (how does it enter the new home)
6. susceptible host (who is your next home)

Question 12

What are the susceptibility criteria?

Answer 12

1. age (too young, too old)
2. pre-existing immune issues
3. immune compromised
4. malnutrition vs. undernourished
5. chronic + acute issues ( diabetes, obesity)
6. medications

Question 13

Outline the ways you can break the chain of infection

Answer 13

• kill the carrier (often animals)
• use PPE
• aseptic practices (clean, disinfect, sterilize)
• food safety (pasteurization and filter water)

Question 14

Nosocomial infection

Answer 14

you go to get something treated and leave with a different issue

Question 15

What is HAI

Answer 15

healthcare-associated infection

Question 16

What are the most common sites for HAIs?

Answer 16

• GI system
• respiratory system
• urinary system
• dermis

Question 17

Vehicle

Answer 17

any non-living thing that the pathogen can use to get to its next host

can travel on air or water bubble but cannot travel far

Question 18

Vector

Answer 18

travels on a living creature

• usually a flying insect, quite small, travels far
• can sometimes become infected

Question 19

Carrier

Answer 19

not symptomatically affected

• humans and animals

Question 20

Contamination

Answer 20

it lands on/touches you (external)

Question 21

Exposure

Answer 21

around you in the environment