Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM Mid Term > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Healthcare associated infections are the _____ leading cause of death.

A

4th - affects 1 in 25 patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are common healthcare associated infections in the acute care setting?

A
  • CLABSI: central line associated bloodstream infection
  • CAUTI: catheter associated urinary tract infection
  • SSI: surgical site infection
  • VAP: ventilator associated pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Microorganisms are transmitted by various means in what kind of manner?

A

Cyclical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If there is interruption in the infection cycle this leads to what?

A

Interruption in a microorganism’s ability to grow and spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Some microorganisms are more difficult to destroy than others. Why?

A

They are resistant to medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Microorganisms proliferate best in what kind of environments?

A

Dark, warm, moist environments
- some require oxygen and some produce spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is in the infection cycle?

A
  1. Infectious Agent —>
  2. Reservoir —>
  3. Exit —>
  4. Method of Transmission —>
  5. Entry —>
  6. Susceptible Host —>
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a medical aseptic technique?

A

Keep pathogens confined to a specific area, object, or person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is surgical aseptic technique?

A

Exclude all microorganisms before they can enter a surgical wound or contaminate a sterile field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are standard precautions?

A

Group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients, regardless of diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are standard precautions based on?

A

Based on principle that all blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are standard precautions for prevention? (what do we do to prevent disease spread)

A
  • Frequent hand washing or hand rubs with proper techniques
  • Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do transmission based precautions protect from?

A

Designed to protect caregivers from special patients with highly transmissible pathogens who are known or suspected to be infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are infection control procedures?

A
  • Hand hygiene
  • Gloves and/or gown
  • Mask or respirator
  • Eye protection or shield PRN
  • Proper care of patients skin, linens, and personal items
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are examples of transmission based precautions?

A
  • Contact
  • Droplet
  • Airborne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathogen transmission can be both _____ and _____ contact.

A

direct, indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can pathogen transmission come from?

A
  • Direct/indirect contact
  • contaminated linen or clothing
  • inadequately cleaned utensils, instruments, toys, equipment
  • moisture droplets (droplet precautions)
  • Air currents (airborne precautions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two primary methods of hand hygiene?

A
  • Hand rubbing
  • Hand washing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hand rubbing is done with what kind of product and is most effective when?

A
  • Alcohol-based, waterless antiseptic
  • Most effective when hand washing is not required
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the advantages of hand rubbing?

A

Less time, more effective than soap and water, more accessible than sinks, causes less damage to skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why can hand washing be beneficial?

A

preferred method when hands are visibly dirty, soiled, or considered to be contaminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is bacteria removed with hand washing?

A

Bacteria is removed as a result of mechanical action of friction when rubbing and scrubbing

23
Q

When is hand washing frequently required?

A

Before entering the ICU or operating suite

24
Q

What makes an antiseptic?

A

Adding an antimicrobial or germicidal agent (ex: chlorohexidine gluconate)

25
Q

What should you do after treating a patient with C.diff?

A

Wash your hands! Its a better means of decontamination than hand rubbing

26
Q

What are potential contaminants during handwashing?

A
  • Bar soap
  • Sink rims
  • Waterspout
  • Basin
  • Towel
  • Dispenser
  • Faucet handle
  • Etc.
27
Q

Isolation precautions are linked to what?

A

The method by which pathogens are transmitted

28
Q

Where are isolation precautions indicated?

A

In the medical record

29
Q

When entering the patients environment the caregiver must adhear to specific actions such as…

A
  • Contact (direct or indirect)
  • Droplet (direct or indirect - respiratory droplets)
  • Airborne
30
Q

Where can you find PPE, biohazard bags, and other necessary materials and supplies?

A

The cart outside the room

31
Q

Where can you find directions for your isolation precautions?

A

Just outside the room, just inside the room, or in an anteroom

32
Q

What was sterile field designed for?

A

maintain sterility of objects within the field (dressing, bandages, instruments)

33
Q

What are the four rules of asepsis?

A
  1. Know which items are sterile
  2. Know which items are not sterile
  3. Separate sterile items from non-sterile items
  4. If a sterile item becomes contaminated, remedy the situation immediately (discard the item and re-establish the sterile field)
34
Q

What are examples of PPE?

A
  • Gloves
  • Gown
  • Mask or respirator
  • Protective eyewear (shield, safety glasses)
35
Q

T/F - You should take your PPE off outside of your patients room.

A

False. Do not wear PPE outside of a patients room.

36
Q

What are the two methods to clean an item?

A
  • Disinfection
  • Decontamination
37
Q

Disinfection has three categories (high, intermediate, low). What falls under each category?

A
  • High: everything except high numbers of bacterial spores
  • Intermediate: most viruses, fungi, vegetative bacteria, TB
  • Low: most bacteria, some viruses, some fungi
38
Q

What does it mean to decontaminate something?

A

To remove, inactivate, or destroy blood-borne pathogens on a surface or items to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles

39
Q

What are contact precautions recommend for?

A

Transmission of infectious agents which are spread through direct or indirect contact with patients or the environment a patient is in (ex: C. diff)

40
Q

What PPE do contact precautions require?

A
  • Gown
  • Gloves
  • Hand washing
  • Don PPE Before entering and Doff before exiting
41
Q

What are droplet precautions recommended for?

A

Transmission of pathogens spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions (ex: flu)

42
Q

What PPE do droplet precautions require?

A

Donning a surgical mask before entering the room

43
Q

What are airborne precautions recommended for?

A

Infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances suspended in the air (Ex: TB and chickenpox)

44
Q

What PPE do airborne precautions require?

A
  • N-95 fitted mask
  • Specifically ventilated room
  • Closed door
45
Q

What responsibilities does the healthcare facility have?

A
  • Educate employees on methods of transmission and prevention
  • Provide safe and adequate PPE
  • Educate on standard precautions
  • Provide proper disposal containers
  • Offer HBV vaccine
  • Provide follow-up care to employees exposed to communicable diseases
46
Q

What are OSHA guidelines?

A
  • Use PPE provided by facility
  • Dispose of wastes in proper containers
  • Dispose of sharps in proper containers
  • Keep work and patient care areas clean
  • Wash hands before and immediately following removal of gloves
  • Immediately report any exposures or personal illnesses
47
Q

What is MRSA?

A

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococus Aureus - a staph infection that is difficult to treat because it is resistant to some antibodies
- Spreads easily in hospitals
- Many healthcare providers are carriers
- Can cause sepsis and death if left untreated

48
Q

What kind of precautions does MRSA require?

A

Contact

49
Q

What is VRE?

A

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci - antibiotic resistance to vancomycin of enterococci bacteria

50
Q

How do patients get VRE?

A
  • Usually happens with long term antibiotic use
  • Often in those hospitalized or with weakened immune systems
  • Spreads through contact with contaminated surfaces
51
Q

What is C-diff?

A

Clostridioides difficile infection - a bacteria that causes severe and/or life threatening diarrhea
- side effect of taking antibiotics

52
Q

What are symptoms of C-diff and how does it spread?

A
  • Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite and nausea
  • Spreads through person to person contact
53
Q

What are examples of ancillary staff?

A
  • Diagnostic: laboratory tests, radiology, genetic testing, diagnostic imagine
  • Therapeutic: PT, PTA, OT, COTA, SLP, RT, rehab psychology, dietician, massage, rehab aides
  • Custodial: environmental services, food services
54
Q

How can you communicate with ancillary staff?

A
  • Verbal: tone, volume, inflection
  • Nonverbal: body position, facial expression, active listening
  • Written: lay language, typed, handwritten

PCM Mid Term (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions