Infection Control Flashcards
all paid and unpaid persons who work in a healthcare facility
Healthcare personnel (HCP)
an infection acquired during the delivery of healthcare in any setting
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory settings (e.g., dental offices), and home care
are all what?
Locattions where HAI can occur
is reserved for an infection acquired in a hospital setting.
Nosocomial infection
Contact with blood, oral and respiratory secretions, and contaminated equipment occurs.
Allows for transmission of disease
Explain way we can protect ourselves from infection in the workplace?
- Gowns
- VIsors
- GLoves
Explain the 3 steps of transmission of pathogenic organims
- Invasion & multiplication
- Competive metabolism, toxin production, immune mediate rxns
- Local cellular injury
what 3 things goes the chain of infection require?
- A source or resourvios
- A suseptible host with a portal of entry
- A mode of transmission
Infections diseases are a result from interaction of what 3 things?
- agent
- Host
- Enviroment
of an infectious agent is the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies.
include humans, animals, and the environment.
The ____ may or may not be the source from which an agent is transferred to a host.
Resorviour
What is the resoirvior of Clostridium botulinum?
but the source of most botulism infections is _____ C. botulinumspores.
- Soil is resorvior
- improperly canned food containing
Many common infectious diseases have human reservoirs. Diseases that are transmitted from person to person without intermediaries include the sexually transmitted diseases, measles, mumps, streptococcal infection, and many respiratory pathogens. Because humans were the only reservoir for the smallpox virus, naturally occurring smallpox was eradicated after the last human case was identified and isolated.
Human resorvioir
is a person with inapparent infection who is capable of transmitting the pathogen to others.
Carrier
are those who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before clinical illness begins
Asymptomatic or passive or healthy carriers
are those who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others
Convalescent carriers
are those who continue to harbor a pathogen such as hepatitis B virus orSalmonellaTyphi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, for months or even years after their initial infection.
Ex. Typhoid Mary
Chronic carriers
Many of these diseases are transmitted from animal to animal, with humans as incidental hosts.
Animal reservoirs
an infectious disease that is transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans
zoonosis
Example of zoonic diseases?
- Anthrax (sheep)
- Brucellosis (cow)
- Plageu (rodents)
Plants, soil, and water in the environment are also reservoirs for some infectious agents. Many fungal agents, such as those that cause histoplasmosis, live and multiply in the soil.
Environmental reservoirs
What are the 2 main modes of transmission?
- Direct contact
- Indirect contact
pathogens transferred between individuals without a contaminated intermediate person, object, or environmental surface
Direct Contact transmission
pathogens are transferred between individuals via a contaminated intermediate person, object, or environmental surface
Indirect Contact transmission
inhalation of droplets
Respiratory transmission
A form of respiratory trans mission assocatted with inhilation of droplet nuclei.
I.e residual droplets ranging in size from 1-5um that wil suspended in ther air dry out but many still ontain potnetially infectious pathogens
Airborn transmission
2 forms of direct contact spread
- direct contact
- droplet spread
2 forms of indirect
- Airborne
- Vehicleborne
- Vectorborne (mechanical or biologic)
viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV):
- Are transmissible in health care settings.
- Can produce chronic infection.
- Are often carried by persons unaware of their infection.
Bloodborne pathogens
What are 3 potential routes of bloodborne pathogens ?
- Patient to DHCP
(Highest Risk) - DHCP to Patient
- Patient to Patient
Condition:
acute and/or chronic inflammatory liver disease.
Modes of transmission:
bloodborne pathogen; transmitted by contact with infected blood and other potentially infectious material, e.g., saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions; healthcare and public safety personnel are at risk for occupational exposure.
Precautions:
vaccine-preventable; standard precautions.
Hep B Virus