Infection control

Question 1

Virulence

Answer 1

Strength of a pathogen’s ability to cause disease.

Question 2

Chain of Infection

Answer 2

Virulence, number of microorganisms, susceptible host and portal of entry.

Question 3

Number of microorganisms

Answer 3

a high enough number of pathogenic microorganisms must be present to overwhelm the body’s defenses.

Question 4

Susceptible host

Answer 4

is a person who is unable to resist infection by a particular pathogen.

Question 5

Portal of entry

Answer 5

means of entering the body.

Question 6

Acute infection

Answer 6

symptoms are severe and appear soon after the initial infection occurs. - short duration -

Question 7

Chronic infection

Answer 7

microorganisms mat persist for life. - long duration -

Question 8

Latent infection

Answer 8

persistent infection in which symptoms “come and go”

Question 9

Opportunistic infection

Answer 9

are caused by normally nonpathogenic organisms, occur in individuals whose resistances is decreased or compromised.

Question 10

Infectious disease

Answer 10

Is one that is communicable or contagious, can be transmitted from one host to another.

Question 11

Direct transmission

Answer 11

person to person - sneezing, coughing or splatter during treatment.

Question 12

Indirect transmission

Answer 12

occurs when microorganisms first are transmitted to an object or surface, and then are transferred to another person who touches those objects or surfaces.

Question 13

Airborne transmission

Answer 13

also known as droplet infection- spread of disease through droplets of moisture that contain bacteria or viruses.

Question 14

Blood-borne transmission

Answer 14

are carried in the blood and body fluids of infected individuals and can be transmitted to others.

Question 15

Immune system

Answer 15

responsible for providing resistance to communicable diseases.

Question 16

Immunity

Answer 16

allows the body to resist a disease and prevents foreign bodies from causing infection.

Question 17

Inherited immunity

Answer 17

present at birth- gotten from mother to infant.

Question 18

Acquired immunity

Answer 18

gotten during a lifetime either acquired naturally or artificially.

Question 19

Naturally acquired immunity

Answer 19

occurs when a person has previously contracted a disease and recovered.

Question 20

Artificially acquired immunity

Answer 20

the body forms antibodies in response to the vaccine.

Question 21

Disease transmission in the dental office

Answer 21

Patient to dental team- Dental team to patient- Patient to patient- Dental office to community- Community to dental office to patient.

Question 22

Transmission patient to dental team

Answer 22

Most common is direct contact with patients blood or saliva.

Question 23

CDC

Answer 23

Centers for Disease Control and pervention

Question 24

OSHA

Answer 24

Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Question 25

What the CDC does

Answer 25

they issue specific recommendations that are based on sound scientific evidence for health related matters. -makes laws-

Question 26

What OSHA does

Answer 26

issues specific standards designed to protect the health of employees in the U.S. -enforces laws-

Question 27

OSHA’s BBP standard

Answer 27

Most important infection control law in dentistry. Created to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne disease causing organisms.

Question 28

OPIM

Answer 28

Other Potentially Infectious Material

Question 29

Exposure control plan

Answer 29

a written plan that clearly describes how that office complies with the BBP.

Question 30

How often must you update your exposure control plan?

Answer 30

Must be reviewed and updated Annually.

Question 31

Universal precautions

Answer 31

all human blood or bodily fluids are to be treated as if known to be infected with a blood-borne disease.

Question 32

Standard precautions

Answer 32

expands the elements of the Universal precautions into a standard of care, that is designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread.

Question 33

Occupational exposure determination

Category 1

Answer 33

• Routinely exposed to blood, saliva or both.- dentist, dental hygienist, DA, sterilization assistant and dental lab tech.

Question 34

Occupational exposure determination

Category 2

Answer 34

• May on occasion be exposed to blood, saliva or both.- Receptionist or office manager who may occasionally clean treatment room or handle instruments or impressions.

Question 35

Occupational exposure determination

Category 3

Answer 35

• Never exposed to blood or saliva. - Financial manager, insurance clerk, or computer operator.

Question 36

Training with Infection control procedures

Answer 36

BBP standard requires the dentist/employer to provide training in infection control and safety to anyone who may come in contact with contaminated surfaces or instruments.

Question 37

Procedural steps-First aid after exposure-

Answer 37

1. stop operation immediately. 2. remove your gloves. 3. If area of broken skin is bleeding, gently squeeze the site to express a small amount of visible blood. 4. wash your hand thoroughly, using antimicrobial soap and warm water. 5. dry your hands. 6. apply a small amount of antiseptic to the affected area. 7. apply an adhesive bandage to the area. 8. complete application post-exposure follow up steps.

Question 38

Managing sharps container

Answer 38

contaminated needles and other disposable sharps must be placed into sharps container. Container must be puncture resistant, leak proof and color coded or labeled with a bio hazard symbol.