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Infection > Infection Basics > Flashcards

Infection Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms can be responsible for infection?

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • protozoa
  • helminths
  • ectoparasites
  • spirochetes
  • mycobacteria
  • atypical bacteria
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2
Q

Reservoir

A

Person, animal, plant, soil, substance in which infectious agent resides & replicates

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3
Q

Zoonosis

A

Transmission from animals to humans

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4
Q

Latency

A

Dormancy of pathogen within body (characteristic flares)

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5
Q

Nosocomial

A

Hospital-acquired infections

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6
Q

Fomites

A

Objects/materials = exposure

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7
Q

Incubation period

A

Time from exposure to development of disease

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8
Q

What are virulence factors?

A

Molecules that increase pathogenicity
- adhesins
- aggressins (invasion)
- toxins

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9
Q

Give examples of adhesins

A
  • fimbriae
  • pili
  • flagella
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10
Q

Give examples of aggressins

A
  • capsule
  • enzymes
  • plasmids
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11
Q

Give examples of toxins in infection

A
  • necrotising fasciitis
  • toxic shock syndrome
  • tetanus
  • vibrio
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12
Q

What is R0?

A

The basic reproduction number

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13
Q

What investigations can be ordered for infectious diseases?

A
  • cultures
  • molecular diagnostics (PCR)
  • serology
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14
Q

How are infections generally managed?

A
  • fluids
  • O2Tx
  • anti-microbials
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15
Q

What factors affect prognosis in infection?

A
  • immunosuppression & pregnancy = increased risk
  • post/pre-exposure prophylaxis = reduced risk
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16
Q

What are signs of local infection?

A
  • erythema
  • swelling
  • pain
  • oedema
  • purulent discharge
  • heat
17
Q

What are signs of systemic infection?

A
  • fever/hypothermia
  • rigors
  • hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • raised WCC, CRP
  • raised lactate
18
Q

How common are hospital-acquired infections in the NHS?

A

10% pts, 15% preventable (exogenous, devices)

19
Q

Which organisms are prevalent in HCAIs?

A
  • MRSA, VRE
  • C. Diff
  • MDR acinebacter
  • Myc. TB
  • MR enterobacteriaceae
  • pseudomones aeruginosa (water)

Infection (10 decks)

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