Infection And Response (P1)

Question 1

How can bacteria make us feel ill?

Answer 1

They produce toxins that damage your cells and tissue.

Question 2

How does tobacco mosaic virus affect a plant’s growth?

Answer 2

The virus creates a mosaic pattern on the leaves of the plant meaning parts of the leaf becomes discoloured. This means the plant can’t carry out photosynthesis as well, so the virus affects growth.

Question 3

How are mosquitoes involved in the spread of malaria?

Answer 3

The mosquitoes are vectors that pick up the protist from feeding on infected animals. Every time the mosquito bites another animal, it passes on malaria.

Question 4

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

Answer 4

Pain when urinating
Yellow/green discharge from penis or vagina.

Question 5

How can destroying the vectors help to prevent the spread of the disease?

Answer 5

You can prevent the disease from being passed on. For example for vectors that are insects you can either kill them with insecticides or destroy their habitats to prevent breeding.

Question 6

What does the stomach produce that can prevent the spread of diseases?

Answer 6

The stomach produces hydrochloric acid that kills pathogens that make it that far from the mouth.

Question 7

Give three ways white blood cells defend against pathogens.

Answer 7

Consuming them (phagocytosis)
Producing antibodies
Producing antitoxins

Question 8

Give one pro and one con of vaccination.

Answer 8

Pro: Help control communicable diseases.
Con: Vaccines sometimes don’t give you immunity.

Question 9

Why is it difficult to develop drugs that kill viruses without also damaging body tissue?

Answer 9

The virus infects a cell and hijacks the cell’s machinery in order to create more copies of itself.

Question 10

Which plant does the pain killer aspirin come from?

Answer 10

Willow tree

Question 11

What are two things drugs are tested on in preclinical trials?

Answer 11

Human cells/tissue
Live animals