Infection and response

Question 1

what are pathogens?

Answer 1

-microorganisms that cause infectious disease
-they spread communicable diseases

Question 2

what are the four pathogens?

Answer 2

-bacteria
-viruses
-protists
-fungi

Question 3

how do bacteria make us ill?

Answer 3

-once inside the human body, bacteria reproduce very rapidly
-release harmful chemicals called toxins
-toxins damage tissues, making us feel ill

Question 4

how are bacteria different to viruses?

Answer 4

-viruses cannot reproduce by themselves - they can only reproduce inside a host cell

Question 5

how do viruses damage cells, making us sick?

Answer 5

-virus invades host cell
-virus reproduces inside the host cell
-this is very damaging to the cell and when the virus leaves the cell it can cause the cell to burst open and die

Question 6

what are three way pathogens are spread?

Answer 6

-in the air via water droplets (influenza).
-directly in water (e.g cholera)
-direct contact between individuals ( HIV)

Question 7

what are 5 ways to reduce the spread of pathogens?

Answer 7

-washing your hands before eating
-providing people with clean drinking water
-using a condom during sexual intercouse (HIV)
-patients should be isolated
-vaccination